Comparing level of 4HNE in acute phase of ischemic stroke patients and its association with cognitive function after stroke event

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the productive age, not only because of physical disability, but also due to impaired cognitive function following a stroke event. Brain damage-related stroke can be triggered by increasing the level of free radicals. 4HNE is the main and most toxic product that is released from free radical attack on polyunsaturated fatty acids. To determine plasma level of 4HNE in patients recovering from acute phase of stroke and these with normal subjects and calculate its relationship with cognitive function after 3 months of stroke event. Eighty four patients suffering from ischemic stroke and 42 normal subjects [controls] were studied. In patients plasma 4HNE was measured between 24-72 hours of stroke and cognitive function was examined using MoCA-Ina after 3 months of stroke. Plasma 4HNE was 2.5-fold increased in patients than controls [p < 0.05]. The elevation was found in patients having cognitive impairment as compared to those who did not have cognitive impairment, but this was not statistically significant and no relationship was found between plasma 4HNE level and cognitive impairment after stroke. Cognitive impairment at three months after stroke was found in 56% cases. Elevation of plasma 4HNE was seen in acute phase of stroke but it was not associated with impaired cognitive function after 3 months of stroke event

Characteristics of neuropathic pain in Indonesia: A hospital based national clinical survey

We conducted a hospital based study to collect data on the clinical characteristics of neuropathic pain (NP) patients in neurology outpatients in 13 big cities in Indonesia. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of NP among patients with the symptoms of pain. A simple questionnaire was conducted to explore the clinical symptoms and signs. Participants who reported of NP symptom was 1,779 (21.8%) among 8,160 patients. The higher prevalence of NP was reported in 41-60 years old (n= 1,030; 57.9%). It was more prevalent in male (n=1,104; 62.1%). The group of patients with low educational level has higher prevalence of pain with NP (n=1,177; 66.1%). There are five main clinical symptoms of NP patients, pinprick sensation (n=589; 33.1%), electric shock like sensation (n=542, 30.5%), burning (n=407, 22.9%), paresthesia (n=401; 22.5%) and hyperalgesia (n=351, 19.7%). In this study, NP was mostly associated with low back pain (n=509, 28,6%), carpal tunnel syndrome (n=343; 19.3%), frozen shoulder syndrome (n=191, 10.7%), diabetic neuropathy (n=170, 9.6%) and brachialgia (n=108, 6.1%). The most frequent modality to treat NP symptoms were adjuvant analgesics, antidepressants or anticonvulsants (n=1,199; 67.4%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=1,177, 66.2%), non-opioids analgesics (n=606; 34.1%), non-pharmacological treatment (n=366; 20.6%) and opioid treatments (n=100, 5.6%).

Characteristics of neuropathic pain in Indonesia: A hospital based national clinical survey

We conducted a hospital based study to collect data on the clinical characteristics of neuropathic pain (NP) patients in neurology outpatients in 13 big cities in Indonesia. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of NP among patients with the symptoms of pain. A simple questionnaire was conducted to explore the clinical symptoms and signs. Participants who reported of NP symptom was 1,779 (21.8%) among 8,160 patients. The higher prevalence of NP was reported in 41-60 years old (n= 1,030; 57.9%). It was more prevalent in male (n=1,104; 62.1%). The group of patients with low educational level has higher prevalence of pain with NP (n=1,177; 66.1%). There are five main clinical symptoms of NP patients, pinprick sensation (n=589; 33.1%), electric shock like sensation (n=542, 30.5%), burning (n=407, 22.9%), paresthesia (n=401; 22.5%) and hyperalgesia (n=351, 19.7%). In this study, NP was mostly associated with low back pain (n=509, 28,6%), carpal tunnel syndrome (n=343; 19.3%), frozen shoulder syndrome (n=191, 10.7%), diabetic neuropathy (n=170, 9.6%) and brachialgia (n=108, 6.1%). The most frequent modality to treat NP symptoms were adjuvant analgesics, antidepressants or anticonvulsants (n=1,199; 67.4%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=1,177, 66.2%), non-opioids analgesics (n=606; 34.1%), non-pharmacological treatment (n=366; 20.6%) and opioid treatments (n=100, 5.6%).