RESUMEN
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of abnormal laboratory and physical findings, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state, and prothrombotic state that results in a patient having significantly higher risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. There are slight differences between institutions in defining metabolic syndrome across the world. To achieve adequate management and treatment and decrease the risk of subsequent diseases, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
Aim: In this review, we aimed to study the pathophysiology behind the development of metabolic syndrome, and also to explore the approach to its management
Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: metabolic syndrome, pro-thrombotic state, pro-inflammatory state, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular mortality
Results: The major aspects of treatment include weight reduction by diet, medication, as well as bariatric surgery [in some cases], and managing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with diet and medication
Conclusion: The most important intervention in managing patients with metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification with improved diet and exercise. To achieve adequate treatment and decrease the risk of adverse outcomes, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
RESUMEN
Introduction: Orthokeratology refers to the creation of gas permeable contact lenses that temporarily reshape the cornea to reduce refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism without the need for any surgical intervention. Despite these advantages and the fact, it has gained its FDA approval, it's still a matter of controversy and its viability as a long-term treatment is yet to be discovered
Aim: To view and investigate the prevalence of optometrists? acceptance of the orthokeratology concept
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from the attendees at the "Red Sea Ophthalmology Symposium" Jeddah, western region, kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period of 10-13 January 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software package
Results: A total of 57 randomly selected optometrists, the majority of which were Saudi [80.7%] and worked at governmental facilities [73.7%]. [56.1%] did not have background of Orthokeratology. [45.61%] of whom have acquired previous knowledge on the matter, might consider prescribing of the lenses justified their choice based on its effectiveness in the treatment of myopia without any surgical interventions [23.8%]. While those who chose to disapprove of its viability as treatment despite their previous knowledge on the subject justified their choice based on the possible complications that could arise from its long-term use [9.5%], their incomplete understanding of the full concept of orthokeratology lenses appliance [42.9%], and based on previous studies that was not encouraging to them to consider prescribing it [21.4%]
Conclusion: This study concluded that optometrists in general had limited knowledge on the matter, which had led them not to consider prescribing it because it is a matter of controversy due to the limited amount of studies needed to approve it as a more beneficial alternative to surgical intervention than disadvantageous on the long term. Also being a temporary solution hasn't been an impelling factor to the doctors when it comes to prescribing it for the sake of their patient's safety for the time being