Application characteristics and modern research progress of "bone-approaching" acupuncture / 中国针灸

The paper explores the evolution of "bone-approaching" acupuncture, its effect target and mechanism. The concrete operation procedure of "bone-approaching" method is recorded originally in Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor) as short needling and Shu needling (referring to the category of the five needling technique). The periosteum is the most effective stimulation target of "bone-approaching" acupuncture for analgesia, regaining consciousness and regulating spirit. The "bone-approaching" acupuncture is not only prominently effective on bone bi syndrome, but also has the unique effect on painful, encephalogenic and emotional diseases. The paper summarizes and improves "bone-approaching" acupuncture, i.e. "touching bone surface" with needle tip by slow insertion, "touching bone surface" without pain by swift insertion and "touching bone" with needle body by oblique insertion. It contributes to the inheritance, development and supplementation to the bone needling techniques in Huangdi Neijing and is significant for broadening the clinical application range of acupuncture.

Efficacy and prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treatment for T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for treating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) . Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 119 adolescent and adult patients with T-ALL/LBL from January 2006 to January 2020 at Peking University Third Hospital and Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Patients were divided into chemotherapy-only, chemotherapy followed by allo-HSCT, and chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) groups according to the consolidation regimen, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of each group were compared. Results: Among 113 patients with effective follow-up, 96 (84.9%) patients achieved overall response (ORR), with 79 (69.9%) having complete response (CR) and 17 (15.0%) having partial response (PR), until July 2022. The analysis of the 96 ORR population revealed that patients without transplantation demonstrated poorer outcomes compared with the allo-HSCT group (5-year OS: 11.4% vs 55.6%, P=0.001; 5-year PFS: 8.9% vs 54.2%, P<0.001). No difference was found in 5-year OS and 5-year PFS between the allo-HSCT and auto-HSCT groups (P=0.271, P=0.197). The same results were achieved in the CR population. Allo-HSCT got better 5-year OS (37.5% vs 0) for the 17 PR cases (P=0.064). Different donor sources did not affect 5-year OS, with sibling of 61.1% vs hap-haploidentical of 63.6% vs unrelated donor of 50.0% (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the treatment response in the early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ETP) and non-ETP populations. The ETP group demonstrated lower 5-year OS compared with the non-ETP group in the chemotherapy alone group (0 vs 12.6%, P=0.045), whereas no significant difference was found between the ETP and non-ETP groups in the allo-HSCT group (75.0% vs 62.9%, P=0.852). Multivariate analysis revealed that high serum lactate dehydrogenase level, without transplantation, and no CR after chemotherapy induction were independently associated with inferior outcomes (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Allo-HSCT could be an effective consolidation therapy for adult and adolescent patients with T-ALL/LBL. Different donor sources did not affect survival. Allo-HSCT may overcome the adverse influence of ETP-ALL/LBL on OS.

Dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy followed by first-line autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for young patients with high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma: an efficacy and prognostic factor analysis / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in young patients with newly diagnosed high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to examine the clinical and survival data of young patients with high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma who received dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy and ASCT as first-line treatment between January 2011 and December 2018 in Blood Diseases Hospital. Results: A total of 63 patients were included in the study. The median age range was 40 (14-63) years old. In terms of the induction therapy regimen, 52 cases received R-DA-EP (D) OCH, and the remaining 11 received R-HyperCVAD/R-MA. Sixteen (25.4% ) patients achieved partial response in the mid-term efficacy assessment, and ten of them were evaluated as complete response after transplantation. The median follow-up was 50 (8-112) months, and the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were (83.9±4.7) % and (90.4±3.7) % , respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that age-adjusted international prognostic index ≥2 scores was a negative prognostic factor for OS (P=0.039) , and bone marrow involvement (BMI) was an adverse prognostic factor for OS (P<0.001) and PFS (P=0.001) . However, multivariate analysis confirmed that BMI was the only independent negative predictor of OS (P=0.016) and PFS (P=0.001) . Conclusions: The use of dose-enhanced immunochemotherapy in combination with ASCT as first-line therapy in the treatment of young, high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma results in good long-term outcomes, and BMI remains an adverse prognostic factor.

Clinical Analysis of Patients with MGUS, Primary Light Chain Amyloidosis, Multiple Myeloma or Multiple Myeloma with Concurrent Amyloidosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and compare the clinical baseline characteristics of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), primary light chain amyloidosis (pAL), multiple myeloma (MM), or MM with concurrent amyloidosis, especially the differences in cytogenetic abnormalities.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 15 cases of MGUS, 34 cases of pAL, 842 cases of MM and 23 cases of MM with concurrent amyloidosis were analyzed and compared retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#Cytogenetic statistics showed that the incidence of t (11; 14) in the four groups (MGUS vs pAL vs MM vs MM with concurrent amyloidosis) was 0%, 33.3%, 16.4%, and 15.8%, respectively (P=0.037); that of 13q deletion was 20.0%, 14.7%, 45.8% and 56.5%, respectively (P<0.001); gain of 1q21 was 50.0%, 12.5%, 47.4% and 40.9%, respectively (P=0.001). Proportion of pAL patients with 0, 1 and≥2 cytogenetic abnormalities (including 13q deletion, 17p deletion, 1q21 amplification and IgH translocation) accounted for 41.9%, 41.9% and 16.1%, respectively; while the proportion of the same category in MM was 17.6%, 27.3%, and 55.2% respectively; this ratio of MM with concurrent amyloidosis was more similar to MM. Subgroup analysis showed that genetic abnormalities (including 13q deletion, 17p deletion and 1q21 amplification) were comparable within t (11; 14) negative and positive groups. Compared with positive cases, t(11; 14) negative patients with MM or MGUS were more likely to have 13q deletions and multiple genetic abnormalities.@*CONCLUSION@#Clinical characteristics of pAL, especially cytogenetic abnormalities, are significantly different from MM with concurrent amyloidosis. It suggests that although the onset characteristics are similar, actually the two diseases belong to different disease subtypes which should be carefully predicted and identified.

The prognostic significance of POD24 in 106 cases with splenic marginal lymphoma with bone marrow invasion / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) on overall survival (OS) of splenic marginal lymphoma (SMZL) with bone marrow invasion, and to compare the clinical characteristics between POD24 SMZL with non-POD24 SMZL patients. Methods: The SMZL patients with bone marrow invasions were retrospectively analyzed between January 2002 and January 2017 treated in our institute, and the patients with sufficient follow-up time to judge POD24 were evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognosis, patients who died of non-progressive factors were excluded. Results: 106 patients were enrolled with a median age of 57 (25-79) years old. ①Clinical characteristics: All patients presented with bone marrow invasion and splenomegaly, 59.4% (63/106) with huge spleen, 14.8% (15/101) with hepatomegaly. Complex karyotype were found in 22.7% (18/79) patients; 13q deletion, 11q (ATM) deletion, 17p (TP53) deletion, and CEP12 abnormality patients presented with the percentage of 5.1% (4/78) , 1.3% (1/72) , 2.5% (2/80) , and 7.5% (4/53) , respectively.②Survival analysis: Univariate analysis showed that POD24, HGB less than 100 g/L and FISH detection of trisomy 12 were poor prognostic factors of OS. Multivariate analysis showed that only POD24 had independent prognostic significance[HR=20.116 (95%CI 2.226-181.820) , P=0.008]. ③Subgroup features: Patients with POD24 had significantly higher rates of mediastinal lymphadenopathy (63.6%vs 18.9%, P=0.005) and complex karyotype (50.0%vs 17.9%, P=0.024) than those without POD24. While the incidence of abdominal lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, the lower albumin, and the increasing lactate dehydrogenase were higher in POD24 patients, but with no statistically difference. Conclusion: POD24 is an independent prognostic factor of the OS in SMZL. SMZL patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and complex karyotypes when diagnosed have a higher risk of POD24.

Discussion on clinical application of "touching-bone" acupuncture technique / 中国针灸

The value of the "touching-bone" acupuncture technique in clinical application was explained through the investigation on the origin of the theory of the "touching-bone" acupuncture technique, the analysis on the characteristics of acupoint selection, the introduction of clinical characteristics and the discussion on the mechanism of acupuncture in treatment. The "touching-bone" acupuncture technique refers to deep needling method, originated from the short needling and needling of the ancient needling methodslisted in the . The target points are the reaction sites on meridian near to bone and the attachments of soft tissues on bone. During the needle insertion, the needle tip is thrust deeply to the bone or the needle body is closely attached to the bone so as to stimulate periosteum specifically. This needling technique contributes to the satisfactory effect on spasmodic, deep-located and intractable pain disorder, motor system diseases, mental diseases and cerebral diseases, etc. Hence, this acupuncture technique deserves to be promoted in clinical application and explored in research.

The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease detection after first induction treatment in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of detection of minimal residual disease after first induction treatment (MRD(1)) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). Methods: The clinical data of 87 ALL patients who underwent auto-HSCT during February 2006 to April 2017 with MRD(1) detection data by flow cytometry were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship between MRD(1) and relapse and survival of ALL patients after auto-HSCT was studied. Results: Of 87 patients, 26 (29.9%) were MRD(1) positive. The proportion of high-risk immunophenotype (pro-B, pro-T, pre-T, mature T) was significantly higher in MRD(1)-positive patients than that in MRD(1) negative patients (34.6% vs 14.5%, P=0.038). There was no significant difference between positive and negative MRD(1) patients at age, sex, lineage (T/B), immunophenotype (standard risk/high risk), high white blood cell count (B-ALL>30×10(9)/L or T-ALL>100×10(9)/L), high-risk chromosome/gene ratio, the time from first complete remission to transplantation and pre-treatment regimen. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in MRD(1) negative and positive patients were 72.7% vs 47.3% (P=0.004) and 75.7% vs 29.6% (P<0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that positive MRD(1) was an independent risk factor for OS (HR=3.007, 95% CI 1.256-7.200, P=0.013) , and positive MRD(1) and high-risk immunophenotype were risk factors for LFS (HR=3.986, 95% CI 1.813-8.764, P=0.001; HR=2.981, 95% CI 1.373-6.473, P=0.006) . Conclusions: Auto-HSCT could not reverse the poor prognosis of MRD(1) positive patients. Auto-HSCT treatment is optional for patients with MRD(1) negative and maintaining MRD(1) negative status during intensive therapy.

Treatment and Prognosis of Adult T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国医学科学院学报

To analyze the treatment and prognosis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)in adults. Method The clinicobiogical and survival data of 68 adult patients with newly diagnosis T-ALL were retrospectively analzyed. Results The median age of these 68 patients was 23 years(14-60 years).T-ALL was more common in men(81%).After the first cycle of treatment,complete remission was achieved in 50 patients(73%).The highest complete remission(CR) rate was in patients with cortex T-ALL(100%),followed by other T-ALL(73%)and early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia(54%),(=5.712,=0.058).The CR rate for adults aged >35 years was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤ 35 years(40% 79%,=6.364,=0.012).The overall CR rate after the second treatment course was 93%.For patients treated with chemotherapy,autograft hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(auto-SCT),and allogeneic SCT,the median relapse free survival was 10 months,24 months,and not reached,respectively(=0.002).The 5-year overall survival rate was 25% for all patients;for patients treated with chemotherapy,auto-SCT and allogeneic SCT,the median overall survival was 24 months,34 months,and 30 months,respectively(=0.007),and the 5-year overall survival rate was 9%,33%,and 38%(=0.037).Multivariate analysis showed leukocyte count ≥100×10 /L was a risk factor for decreased relapse free survival(risk ratio 2.540,95%=1.058-6.099,=0.037). Conclusion Adult T-ALL patients have poor prognosis,which may be improved by SCT.

Clinical Analysis of B-CLPD with Cytopemia as the Predominant Characteristic / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic responte of patients with B-CLPD mainly manifested as cytopenia, so as to deeply understand this disease.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 13 B-CLPD patients with hematocytopenia as main manifestation, and the absolute count of lymphocytes＜5×10/L, absence of hepatosplenic lymph-nodes and extramedullary invasion tin our department fron 2003 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of 3 patients were summarized.@*RESULTS@#The median age of patients was 59 (43-76) years old, the median of lymphocyte was 1.86 (0.69-4.8) ×10/L, the levels of LDH and β2-microglubulin were normal in most patients, the monolineage and multilencage hematopoietic failure of different degrees existed in most all patients. The lymphocyte ratio in patients was 18.5%-94.0%, CD20 was positive in all patients, and yet the CD5-positive and CD-negative existed in 7 and 6 cases respectively. There was no significant difference in ratio of lymphocyte invasion among different immunophemtype. The FISH detection showed that there were no high risk genetic types. 92.3% of patients received rituximab treatment, most of them received chemotherapy of rituximab combined with C0P/CHOP like regimen, only 2 patients received fludarabine for comparatively short course. The analysis indicated that 8 out of 13 patients showed a certain theropeutic efficacy, however the drug-related hematopoietic suppression occurred in both 2 patients treated with fludarabin.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The B-CLPD accompanied with hematocytopenia often displays bone marrow hypohematopoiesis of different degree and easily confuses with the congenital and acquired hemotopoietic faiture diseases. The rituximab treatment may be more appropreate for these patients, but for patients received chemotherapy containing fludarabin, the persistant hematopoietic failure must be especially watched out.

Prognostic factors in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with 1q21 amplification/gain treated with bortezomib-based regimens followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To explore the prognostic factors in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients with 1q21 amplification/gain treated with bortezomib-based regimens followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) . Methods: We retrospectively assayed 35 NDMM patients with 1q21 amplification/gain who received bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy between January 2008 and August 2015. Results: ①The median age of 35 patients were 49(33-63)years old. Ratio of male to female was 22∶13. Monosomy1q21 amplification/gain was only seen in 3(8.6%) patients, the other 32 patients were with additional cytogenetic abnormalities including 13q14 deletion, t(11,14), t(4,14), t(14,16), 17p deletion and complex karyotype aberrations. ②The complete remission (CR) rate was 57.0% (20/35), the very good partial remission(VGPR) rate was 37.1%(13/35) and the partial remission (PR) rate was 5.7%(2/35) after ASCT. At a median follow-up of 24 (8-85) months, 3-year estimated progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rate were (66.5±9.7)% and (69.6±9.9)%, respectively. ③As 13 patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, the median PFS and OS time was 26 and 28 months. The 3-year estimated PFS and OS was (28.0±15.9)% and (36.5±16.4)%, respectively. Another 22 patients without other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, the median PFS and OS time was 54 months and not reached. The 3-year estimated PFS and OS was (71.5±12.7)% and (92.3±7.4)% in this group, respectively. The presence of additional other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities resulted in significantly shortened PFS (χ(2)=5.404, P=0.020) and OS (χ(2)=7.596, P=0.006) compared with no high-risk cytogenetic patients. Conclusion: NDMM patients with isolated1q21 amplification/gain were rarely and usually had additional other cytogenetic abnormalities. The outcomes in this group treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy were satisfied, additional other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities made PFS and OS further shortened.

Role of minimal residual disease detection by multiparameter flow cytometry in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an analysis of 106 patients / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To assess the feasibility and prognostic value of the minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients of China. Methods: Clinical data of 106 consecutively newly diagnosed MM patients with MRD data were retrospectively analyzed in a single center in China from June 2013 to June 2015. Results: ① Of 106 patients, 48 (45.3%) achieved MRD negativity. The median time to MRD-negative was 3 months. More patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) achieved MRD negativity compared with non-ASCT patients (62.2% vs 36.2%, χ(2)=6.536, P=0.011). ② Of 48 patients in complete remission (CR), 7 (14.6%) was MRD positive, 5 of them showed disease progression (PD) during the follow-up, and 3 died. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 19 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 28 months, both were significantly shorter than the CR patients with MRD-negative (P<0.05). ③At a median follow-up of 38 months, MRD-negative patients showed significantly superior outcomes compared with MRD positive ones, the PFS was not reach versus 17 months and the OS was not reach for both (P<0.001). Patients were grouped into 4 categories according to their MRD levels: 1% or higher, 0.1% to less than 1%, 0.01% to less than 0.1%, or negative. It showed that the outcomes (PFS and OS) tended to be improved along with the tumor depletion. ④ Multivariate prognostic analysis showed that MRD was a powerful independent prognostic factor for PFS[HR=0.133 (95% CI 0.062-0.288) , P<0.001] and OS[HR=0.156 (95% CI 0.050-0.484) , P=0.001]. According to MRD and cytogenetics, the patients were classified into 4 groups. High risk patients with MRD negative presented a significantly better outcome than high risk patients with MRD-positive, and a similar one to the standard risk patients with MRD-negative. Conclusions: MRD negativity by MFC was more popular in MM patients undergoing ASCT. MRD was an independent prognostic factor in MM. And the prognosis of MM patients can be stratified according to the level of MRD. MRD-negative patients with high risk cytogenetics presented a similar outcome to the standard risk ones. MRD by MFC should therefore be considered more widely applied in the clinic.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Prognostic Index: A New Integrated Scoring System to Predict the Time to First Treatment in Chinese Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The established clinical staging systems (Rai/Binet) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cannot accurately predict the appropriate treatment of patients in the earlier stages. In the past two decades, several prognostic factors have been identified to predict the outcome of patients with CLL, but only a few studies investigated more markers together. To predict the time to first treatment (TTFT) in patients of early stages, we evaluated the prognostic role of conventional markers as well as cytogenetic abnormalities and combined them together in a new prognostic scoring system, the CLL prognostic index (CLL-PI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Taking advantage of a population of 406 untreated Chinese patients with CLL at early and advanced stage of disease, we identified the strongest prognostic markers of TTFT and, subsequently, in a cohort of 173 patients who had complete data for all 3 variables, we integrated the data of traditional staging system, cytogenetic aberrations, and mutational status of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) in CLL-PI. The median follow-up time was 45 months and the end point was TTFT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median TTFT was 38 months and the 5-year overall survival was 80%. According to univariate analysis, patients of advanced Rai stages (P < 0.001) or with 11q- (P = 0.002), 17p- (P < 0.001), unmutated IGHV (P < 0.001), negative 13q- (P = 0.007) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (P = 0.001) tended to have a significantly shorter TTFT. And subsequently, based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, three independent factors for TTFT were identified: advanced clinical stage (P = 0.002), 17p- (P = 0.050) and unmutated IGHV (P = 0.049). Applying weighted grading of these independent factors, a CLL-PI was constructed based on regression parameters, which could categorize four different risk groups (low risk [score 0], intermediate low [score 1], intermediate high [score 2] and high risk [score 3-6]) with significantly different TTFT (median TTFT of not reached (NR), 65.0 months, 36.0 months and 19.0 months, respectively, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study developed a weighted, integrated CLL-PI prognostic system of CLL patients which combines the critical genetic prognostic markers with traditional clinical stage. This novel modified PI system could be used to discriminate among groups and may help predict the TTFT and prognosis of patients with CLL.</p>

Characteristics and Prognostic Significance of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients with Bone Marrow Involvement / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cytogenetic abnormalitis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) patients with bone marrow involvement and their influence on prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Conventional karyotyping was performed on bone marrow specimens in 47 DLBCL patients with histologically confirmed bone marrow involvement(BMI). The karyotyping results of bone marrow, the characteristics and clinical effect of chromosomal abnormalities were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 47 DLBCL cases with BMI, the chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 25(53%) cases. Among them, complex karyotype was more frequent, being noted in 19(40%) patients. The most frequently involved chromosomes were chromosome 1 and 18(both 26%), others were chromosome 3(23%), 6(19%), 7, 8 and 14(13%). Among all karyotype changes, the most common numerical aberrations, in decreasing order of incidence, were trisomy 3(13%), trisomy 5, trisomy 7, trisomy 12, trisomy 18 and loss of 21(6%,each), and the most predominant structural aberrations, in decreasing order of incidence, were 1q+(17%), 1p+, 6q-, 8q+, 14q+, 18p+, 18q+ and aberrations involving band 2p21-p23 (6%,each). The prognostic impact analysis of both clinical features and cytogenetic aberrations revealed that IPI≥3 (P=0.03) or the presence of chromosomal abnormalities (P=0.005) were significantly related with poor progression free survival(PFS), and IPI≥3 (P=0.024), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)≥ three times of the upper limit of normal (P=0.027) and the presence of chromosomal abnormalities (P=0.001) predominantly related with poor overall survival(OS). In multivariate analysis, the presence of chromosomal abnormalities was the only independently adverse factor for PFS(P=0.037, HR 2.323) and OS(P=0.015, HR 2.833). The analysis of prognostic effects of specific chromosomal aberrations showed that patients with specific cytogenetic abnormalities of 1q+, 8q+, +12, 12q+, 18p+ and aberrations involving band 2p21-23 had significantly poor PFS, and patients with specific cytogenetic abnormalities of 1q+, +3, +5, +7, 8q+, +12, 12q+ and aberrations involving band 2p21-23 had significantly poor OS. When the above mentioned specific chromosomal aberrations were analyzed with clinical covariate, the presence of chromosomal aberration of 8q+ (P=0.022, HR 2.701) and IPI≥3 (P=0.043, HR 2.949) were independently poor prognostic factors for PFS, and 1q+ (P=0.032, HR 2.973) was the independently poor prognostic factor for OS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In DLBCL patients with BMI, the presence of chromosomal abnormalities is the only independently poor factor for PFS and OS, and among them, the specific cytogenetic aberrations of 8q+ or 1q+ have an independently poor prognostic impact on PFS or OS, respectively, which need to be further studied.</p>

Divergence Analysis of Hepatitis Virus Infection between Aggressive and Indolent B Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)between aggressive and indolent B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL), and to compare the different infection rate of Hepatifis Virus between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Integrated clinical information of 733 newly diagnosed indolent B-NHL patients and 148 aggressive B-NHL patients from January 1994 to January 2014 was retrospectively analyzed. The difference of hepatitis virus infection was compared between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of HCV-Ab was 1.8% in 881 newly diagnosed B-NHL patients. The HCV prevalence was 1.9% and 1.35% in the indolent and aggressive B-NHL group respecitvely. Compared with general population, the HCV positive rate was significantly higher in the whole B-NHL group and the indolent group(1.8% vs 0.4%,1.9% vs 1.4%)(P<0.01), while it was not significantly different in the aggressive group (1.35% vs 0.4%)(P=0.068). The positive rate of HCV-Ab was not significantly different between the indolent and the aggressive group (1.9% vs 1.35%)(P=0.639). The HBs-Ag positive rate in the whole B-NHL group was 9.0%, which was significantly higher than that in the general population (9.0% vs 7.2%)(P<0.05). The positive rate of HBs-Ag in the indolent and aggressive B-NHL group was 7.9% and 14.2%, respectively. It was significantly higher in the aggressive group than that in the indolent one (14.2% vs 7.2%)(P<0.01). Compared with the general population, the aggressive group had significantly higher prevalence rate of HBV. However, it was not significantly different between the indolent group and the general population (7.9% vs 7.2%)(P>0.05).In the aggressive B-NHL group,the co-expression of HBs-Ag,HBe-Ag and anti-HBc-Ab was 4.4%, which was higher than that in the indolent one (4.7% vs 1.2%)(P<0.01). However, compared with the indolent group, the co-expression of HBs-Ag, anti-HBe-Ab and anti-HBc-Ab was not significantly different in the aggressive group (5.5% vs 6.1%)(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HCV is more relevant with indolent B-NHL, the HBV has more relevance with the aggressive patients.</p>

Hepatitis B virus reactivation and hepatitis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with resolved hepatitis B receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy: risk factors and survival / 癌症

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has been reported in B-cell lymphoma patients with resolved hepatitis B (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-negative and hepatitis B core antibody [HBcAb]-positive). This study aimed to assess HBV reactivation and hepatitis occurrence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with resolved hepatitis B receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy compared with HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients to identify risk factors for HBV reactivation and hepatitis occurrence and to analyze whether HBV reactivation and hepatitis affect the survival of DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed the clinical data of 278 patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab-containing therapy between January 2004 and May 2008 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China. Predictive factors for HBV reactivation, hepatitis development, and survival were examined by univariate analysis using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test and by multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 278 patients, 165 were HBsAg-negative. Among these 165 patients, 6 (10.9%) of 55 HBcAb-positive (resolved HBV infection) patients experienced HBV reactivation compared with none (0%) of 110 HBcAb-negative patients (P = 0.001). Patients with resolved hepatitis B had a higher hepatitis occurrence rate than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients (21.8% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.013). HBcAb positivity and elevated baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were independent risk factors for hepatitis. Among the 55 patients with resolved hepatitis B, patients with elevated baseline serum ALT or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were more likely to develop hepatitis than those with normal serum ALT or AST levels (P = 0.037, P = 0.005, respectively). An elevated baseline AST level was an independent risk factor for hepatitis in these patients. Six patients with HBV reactivation recovered after immediate antiviral therapy, and chemotherapy was continued. HBcAb positivity, HBV reactivation, or hepatitis did not negatively affect the survival of DLBCL patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B may have a higher risk of developing HBV reactivation and hepatitis than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients. Close monitoring and prompt antiviral therapy are required in these patients.</p>

Analysis of the efficacy and prognosis on first-line autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of patients with multiple myeloma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy and prognosis of first-line autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma(MM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to December 31, 2012, 60 patients with MM were enrolled. All patients received thalidomide or/and bortezomib-based induction therapy, then received high-dose melphalan (200 mg/m²) and autologous stem cell support to get a ≥ partial response (PR), and followed by thalidomide-dexamethasone (TD) ±bortezomib as consolidation or maintenance treatment. With the follow up to December 31, 2012, the overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and the prognostic factors, including ISS stage, response and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) data of cytogenetics were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With a median follow up of 36.8 (12.0-102.5) months, the median OS and PFS estimate were not reached and 86.5 months, respectively. After transplantation, all (100%) patients received very good partial response (VGPR), and 34 (56.7%) patients achieved complete response (CR) after consolidation or maintenance treatment. The patients that achieved CR resulted in long term PFS (P=0.030), with no difference in OS (P=0.942). The univariate analysis showed that the abnormalities, including 13q14 deletion, 1q21 gain, IgH location and p53 deletion had the prognostic impacts. If the t(4;14) or p53 deletion was excluded, there would be no correlation between 13q14 deletion or 1q21 gain with PFS and OS. The patients with p53 deletion had a worst survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There has been significant improvement in the outcome for young MM patients by using ASCT and novel drugs. Cytogenetic abnormalities and response to therapy are the main factors affecting the survival of patients.</p>

Outcomes of younger than 60 years old adults with Ph/BCR-ABL positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a single center clinical trial of BDH ALL 2000/02 / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the treatment options for younger than 60 years old adults with Ph /BCR-ABL positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph⁺ ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2001 to June 2012, 42 adult patients were enrolled in the study. All patients received standard VDCP±L ±imatinb (IM) as induction therapy followed by intensive consolidation of modified Hyper-CVAD/MA±IM. At complete remission 1 (CR1), patients with appropriate donor received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the others sequentially received intensive consolidation ±IM and autologous HSCT (ASCT) at molecular CR (MCR), then MM±VP±IM as maintenance therapy. Overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and relapse rate (RR) were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CR rate after 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy was 83.3%. 39(92.9%) patients achieved CR. The median DFS and OS were (22.0±3.5) and (37.0±5.3) months respectively, with cumulative RR of (43.7±9.7)% during a median follow-up of 26.5(8-75) months. All 7 patients in CT group relapsed. Two patients received IM pre- and post-ASCT maintained MCR for 35 and 12 months after ASCT. But the other 3 ASCT recipients without IM died of relapse within 1 year. The transplant-related mortality rate in allo-HSCT group was 12.5%. The estimated 3-year OS in allo-HSCT (n=16), ASCT (n=5) and CT (n=7) groups were (66.7±12.2)%, (25.0±21.7)% and (16.7±15.2)%, respectively (P=0.014); meanwhile, the estimated 3-year DFS in those groups were of (56.3±12.4)%, (26.7±22.6)% and 0, respectively (P=0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IM combined with intensive chemotherapy significantly increased the CR rate with the improved quality of CR, which highlighted the feasibility of SCT. Allo-HSCT could decrease relapse to produce favorable OS and DFS in CR1 of young adults with Ph⁺ ALL. ASCT combined IM might be the treatment of choice for those achieved MCR but without donors.</p>

Analysis of relapse factors and risk assessment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the risk factors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) recurrence in adult patients and establish a prognosis index (PI) calculation model in order to improve the prevention strategy of ALL in adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>104 adult ALL patients from Blood Diseases Hospital & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between August 2008 and November 2011 were enrolled. COX proportional hazards regression stratified by Dummy variable was used to set up the prediction model; Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to estimate and compare the survival. After calculated individual PI value, patients' expected survival should be estimated by groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall median survival of adult ALL patients was 22.00 months (95% CI 17.00-27.00). COX regression analysis showed that chemotherapy group patients had a higher risk of recurrence than of ASCT group while setting treatment as the dummy variable (RR=2.052, 95%CI 0.877-4.799, P=0.007). Stratified Analysis showed that the risk factors of B-ALL recurrence in adult patients included HGB <100 g/L (RR=0.186, 95% CI 0.068-0.512, P=0.001), CNSL (RR=7.767,95% CI 2.951- 20.433, P=0.001), number of consolidation chemotherapy<3 (RR=0.445, 95% CI 0.211-0.940, P=0.034) and Ph chromosome positive (RR=2.771, 95% CI 1.353-5.674, P=0.005). Grouped by the PI value, the expected survival of each individual patient could be estimated as PI=0.58 base.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HGB, CNSL, number of consolidation chemotherapy and Ph chromosome were independent risk factors of B-ALL recurrence in adult patients. PI value could predict the survival of adult ALL patients and provide reference for individual therapy and prognostic evaluation.</p>

Clinical and laboratory features of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia in China / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and survival of Chinese patients with T- cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven patients with T-PLL admitted in our hospital from Jan 2006 to Oct 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 11 patients, nine were males and two females, with the median age of 56.0(19-69) years old. All the patients, except for three, presented with leukocytosis. The incidence of hyperleukocytosis (1/11) was less frequent than that in the British series (75%) (P=0.000). Lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood were increased in 9 of the 11 patients with the median absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of 17.22(0.58-148.83)×10⁹/L. Superficial lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were the most common physical signs. It was common that serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta 2 microglobulin(β2-MG)were higher than normal level. All cases were positive for CD2/CD3/CD5/TCRαβ, negative for CD1a /HLA-DR and TdT, and most of them were strong positive for CD7 expression. By chromosome analyses, most cases. (9/10) have normal chromosome. This rate is significantly higher than that of the British and American series (3% and 25%, respectively) (P=0.000, P=0.001). The 14q11 abnormality and trisomy 8q, which are common among Western cases, were not observed in any of our cases. With a median follow-up of 23.0 months, three patients died. Two year progress free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 53.3% and 50%, respectively. There were 3 patients with PFS over a number of years, whether it should be considered as the T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) is worthy of further studies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The common clinical manifestations of T-PLL patients were increased lymphocyte counts and lymphadenopathy as well as splenomegaly. And most cases have high level of blood LDH and β2- MG and normal chromosome karyotype.</p>

Influence of immunomagnetic sorting on detecting genetic aberration of multiple myeloma cells by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was to aimed investigate the influence of immunomagnetic sorting on detecting the genetic aberrations of multiple myeloma (MM) by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to explore the detection method suitable to use in our country. The genetic aberrations of immunomagnetically sorted and unsorted bone marrow cells from the same MM patients were detected by interphase FISH and the detectable rate of genetic aberration was compared. The types of probes included 13 q14 (RB-1) and 14q32 (IGH). The 42 and 22 sorted and unsorted marrow samples from MM patients were detected by using 13q14 probe and 14q32 probes respectively, the results indicated that the 13q14 deletion was found in 9 of 42 (21.4%) unsorted marrow samples and in 25 of 42 (56.8%) CD138(+)-sorted marrow samples. The 13q32 rearrangement was found in 7 of 22 (31.8%) unsorted marrow samples and in 14 of 22(63.6%) CD138(+)-sorted marrow samples. Both of the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001 and p = 0.035 respectively). Percentages of cytogenetic alterations detected in unsorted bone marrow cells correlated positively with percentage of plasma cells tested by bone marrow smears or flow cytometry. When percentage of plasma cells tested by bone marrow smears exceed 50%, or by flow cytometry exceed 10%, there was no difference between 2 methods. It is concluded that immunomagnetic sorting of CD138(+) cells increases the probability of detection of the 13q14 deletion and 14q32 rearrangement in bone marrow samples. The low detectable rate of genetic aberration in unsorted bone marrow cells is associated to the low percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow samples, higher percentage of plasma cells can partly overcome the shortage of unsorted detection method. When percentage of plasma cells tested by bone marrow smears exceed 50%, or by flow cytometry exceed 10%, there was no difference between 2 methods.