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Background: The coverage of adequately iodized salt in old Andhra Pradesh was 63.6%, which is below the national average. Despite of high coverage rural households were less likely to consume adequately iodized salt. Objectives were (1) to find out the use of iodized salt and practices among community and knowledge regarding iodine deficiency diseases (2) to test salt at the household level to assess level of iodine.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study conducted from July to December 2016 in RHTC, Maddipadu, Prakasam district. Proportionate households from four villages of this area were interviewed for the purpose of study. Factors related to use of iodized salt in the communities like type of salt using in houses, storage practices, practices during cooking, knowledge regarding iodine deficiency disorders were assessed. The salt was tested for iodine using iodine rapid test MBI kits. The data was collected using pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 version.Results: Most of households (68.5%) were between 25-50 years age, 68% wives were illiterate and 48.5% wives involved in labor work. Majority (83.6%) of the families were using iodized packed salt, 75% had adequately iodized salt with ≥15 ppm and 25% with inadequate iodized salt <15ppm. Association between illiterate wives and poor knowledge regarding iodized salt found to be significant (p<0.005).Conclusions: Specific education regarding proper storage, handling, duration and the importance of iodized salt needs to be implemented to increase community awareness and to focus on behavior change communication to bring positive attitude toward utilization of iodized salt.
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Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasia seen in the oral cavity. It arises in response to various stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, or hormonal factors. It is most commonly seen in females in their second decade of life due to vascular effects of hormones. This paper presents an unusual form of pyogenic granuloma and its treatment.
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A simple, specific, accurate, precise and sensitive Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitation of Tinidazole in both pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. . Chromatographic separation achieved isocratically on a ODS2 reverse phase column [Use Symmetry C18, 250 X 4.6mm, 5μ] utilizing a mobile phase of Methanol. The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 310 nm. The retention time was 4.610min. The linearity was in the range of 5-25μg / ml. This method was validated for linearity, precision and accuracy. Statistical analysis proves that the method is reproducible and selective for the estimation of the said drug.
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Background: Periodontitis is associated with glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if glycosylated hemoglobin is elevated in patients with periodontitis who are non-diabetic adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 patients were selected and were divided into test and control groups. Test group included 18 adults without diabetes, but with periodontitis (having at least five teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm, bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment loss (>1 mm) on >5 teeth or radiographic bone loss), and the control group included 18 healthy adults (PDs ≤4 mm and BOP ≤15% and no clinical attachment loss). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed in laboratory for these patients. Groups were compared using the t test,kruskal-wallis test, pearsson correlation. Results: Both the groups showed similar HbA1c levels, but there was a marginal increase in levels in the test group (cases), which was not statistically significant (cases- 6.06%, controls-5.8%; P=0.101).There was no significant difference found in the mean HbA1c levels among males and females and among various age groups. Mean BMI among the cases and controls was found to be similar. When inter and intra group comparisons were done according to BMI categories among the cases and controls, we found similar mean HbA1c values. Conclusion: Indians are at a high risk of developing periodontitis and diabetes. These data suggest a possible link between periodontitis and glycemic control in non-diabetic individuals. Periodontal disease may be a potential contributor to development of type 2 diabetes.