RESUMEN
Background: Percutaneous injuries (PCI) pose a significant risk of occupational transmission of blood borne pathogens to health care workers (HCWs). Their incidence is considerably higher than current estimates, and hence a low injury rate should not be interpreted as a non-existent problem.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India. As soon as the HCW sustains a PCI, they were instructed to report to the emergency department where note was made of all the details in the post exposure reporting form.Results: The incidence of PCI in this study was found to be 4.3%. PCIs were reported maximum among nursing staff (63.41%) compared to doctors (36.58%). Majority of PCIs were reported within 1 hour of sustaining the injury (57.1%). Needle stick injury was the commonest injury sustained by HCWs (84.5%). 91.46% of HCWs were fully immunized against hepatitis B.Conclusions: Preventing PCI is an essential part of infection control program in a hospital. Stress must be laid for mandatory reporting of all PCI irrespective of the source.
RESUMEN
Background: Patients presenting with acute undifferentiated febrile illness may have delay in diagnosis due to nonspecific symptoms and signs. Kidney injury in these patients can cause detrimental effect on their prognosis and hence early diagnosis is warranted.Methods: This is an observational prospective study conducted in the Department of Medicine at Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana for a period of one year from 1st November 2014 till 31st October 2015.Results: Among the 532 patients acute febrile illness included in the study, 437(82.1%) were diagnosed with dengue fever. A total of 190(35.7%) patients were diagnosed to have AKI. The incidence of AKI in specific diseases was found to be the highest in Malaria 8(61.5%) out of 13 patients). In AKI, majority of them were in the risk category with 97(51.0%). A total of 26(13.6%) patients with AKI required Hemodialysis. Among the 190 patients who had AKI 43(22.6%) died.Conclusions: Dengue was the most common acute febrile illness. Among the patients with acute kidney injury majority were in the risk category with 97(18.2%). 326(61.2%) patients were males with a male to female ratio was found to be 1.5: 1. Dengue with acute kidney injury had the most proportion of patients in the risk and injury category and malaria with acute kidney injury having the highest proportion in failure category. The highest incidence of patients with AKI requiring hemodialysis was seen in scrub typhus. Leptospirosis with AKI had the highest proportion of mortality. The failure category had the highest proportion of mortality.