RESUMEN
Background and Aim: This study was conducted to depict the influence of cigarette smoking on changes in body weight as well as changes in blood pressure. The significance of this study lies in the fact that chronic smoking contributes to unhealthy weight. Further a comparison was done between Body mass index and Blood Pressure as per smoking load (average number of cigarettes multiplied by average duration of smoking) in chronic smokers. Methodology: In the present study, chronic smokers from outpatient clinic were selected randomly; subjects were then divided into two groups as per their smoking load. Out of them 33 with smoking load less than 50,000 and 32 with smoking load more than 50,000 were selected, their BMI was calculated, SBP and DBP were recorded and pulse pressure was derived. Based on these calculations, values were analyzed by Z test. p values of less than 0.1 was considered significant. Results: Results showed that BMI of chronic smokers with smoking load more than 50,000 was lower than those having smoking load less than 50,000 (p<0.05). Observations of Blood pressure revealed that the ones having smoking load higher than 50,000 had lower systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure (p<0.1 and p<0.05 respectively) whereas values of diastolic blood pressure had no significant changes. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between smoking load and Body mass index as well as between smoking load and systolic blood pressure. The study showed that smoking is independently associated with reduced BMI and reduced systolic BP.
RESUMEN
Abstracts: Backround: Third trimester of pregnancy is associated with profound adaptive autonomic cardiovascular changes. Anaemia in pregnancy, which is a common problem in India, is known to put pregnant female at higher cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study is to measure & compare the cardiovascular autonomic balance in normal pregnancy i.e. control group (Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dl) & pregnancy with moderate anaemia i.e. case group (Hb = 7.0 to 9.9 g/dl). Methodology: Spectral HRV was measured in supine position using digital polyrite and kubios HRV analysis software. Parameters LF(for sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation) , HF(for vagal modulation) in absolute power (ms 2 ) and normalised units (n.u.) and LF/HF ratio for sympathovagal balance were measured and analysed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: A significantly high LF power(p<0.001) ,low HF power(p<0.001) and high LF/HF ratio (p<0.001) were observed during late gestation period in moderately anaemic pregnant females compared with healthy pregnant females. Conclusion: Third trimester of pregnancy with moderate anaemia has an elevated sympathetic activity and reduced parasympathetic activity characterised by compensatory rise in cardiac output mainly because of rise in stroke volume. Spectral HRV is a better test to diagnose above change than mere measuring heart rate and blood pressure.