HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LESIONS IN NEPHRECTOMY SPECIMENS

Nephrectomy, histopathological examination, neoplastic, renal cell carcinomaBackground: Nephrectomy either partial or radical has become a common procedure in surgical and urological practice. In this study pathological reports were interpreted for the following parameters: age, gender, pathological diagnosis. An indication of nephrectomy depends on type of lesion, extent of damage, general condition of patient and status of contralateral kidney. Method: The present ambiceptive data analysis has been carried out in Department of Pathology in tertiary care centre under Maharashtra University of Health Sciences by histopathological examination of nephrectomy specimens. A Results: total of 59 nephrectomy cases were included in the study. Non neoplastic and neoplastic cases were 44 (75%) and 15 (25%) respectively. Among non-neoplastic lesions, total of 32 cases (72%) were diagnosed as Chronic pyelonephritis with End Stage Renal Disease(ESRD) . Others Chronic Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis with ESRD 9 cases (21%) and Chronic Glomerulonephritis with ESRD 3 cases (7%). Neoplastic lesions constitutes 15 cases with peak in 6th decade. Renal Cell Carcinoma(RCC) is the most common neoplastic lesion. The distribution among the neoplastic lesions include: Clear cell RCC (40%), Papillary RCC (13.34%), Mixed RCC (13.34%), Chromophobe RCC (13.34%), Multicystic nephroma (6.67%), Collecting duct carcinoma (6.67%) and Renal Medullary carcinoma (6.67%). Fuhrman's nuclear grade II is the most common among the RCC. Rare case such as Collecting Duct carcinoma, Renal Medullary carcinoma and Sarcomatoid RCC were diagnosed during the study period. On IHC, Collecting Duct carcinoma is positive for HMW CK, PAX8 and Renal medullary carcinoma is positive for Vimentin. The histopathological Conclusion: examination is essential to differentiate between benign and malignant neoplastic lesions and in grading of malignant lesions which help in treatment and further management of patients.

Refractive prediction by various intraocular lens formulas using optical biometry and effect of ocular parameters on their accuracy

Purpose: To assess the prediction accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) formulas and study the effect of axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) on the accuracy of formulas using optic biometry. Methods: This study was performed on 164 eyes of 164 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery. Ocular biometry values were measured using Lenstar?900, and intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated using the SRK/T, SRK II, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, and Barrett Universal II formulas. We evaluated the extent of bias within each formula for different ocular biometric measurements and explored the relationship between the prediction error and the ocular parameters by using various IOL formulas. Results: The summarization of refractive prediction error and absolute prediction error for each IOL formulation was performed after adjusting the mean refractive error to zero. The deviation in the error values was minimum for SRK/T (0.265) followed by Holladay 2 (0.327) and Barret (0.382). Further, SRK/T had the lowest median (0.15) and mean (0.198) absolute error as compared to other formulations. For the above formulations, 100% of the eyes were in the diopter range of ±1.0. It was observed that the overall distribution of error was closer to zero for SRK/T, followed by Holladay 2 and then Barrett. Conclusion: In summary, we found that accuracy was better in SRK/T formula. We achieved a better understanding of how each variable in the formulas is relatively weighed and the influencing factors in the refraction prediction.

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia

Background: It describes a spectrum of conjunctival and corneal epithelial neoplasia, manifesting as Dysplasia, Carcinoma in Situ and Ocular squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN). Aim: To study the association between human immunodeficiency virus and ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Materials and methods: It was a prospective interventional study on total 60 eyes of 60 patients with Ocular squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN) was included in this study diagnosed Histopathologically. Bilateral and recurrent OSSN cases, which were diagnosed by repeat excision biopsy and HPE were included only once to exclude HIV statistics. Results: A total of 72 patients of clinical OSSN attended, the OP Department of Occuloplastics. 3 patients did not consent for surgery and were dropped from the study (2 HIV reactive 1 HIV nonreactive). 9 patients HPE negative for OSSN and were dropped from the study. 60 eyes of 60 patients were included in the study all had histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of OSSN. Minimum age was 6 years and maximum age was 80 years. HIV reactive and HPE positive OSSN was 12. 1 patient had lower lid palpabral conjunctival tumor OSSN – A typical presentation. CD4+ T lymphocytes of the patients were around 250 cells / cuml and below in all HIV positive patients. OSSN can occur from 6 years to 80 years Common age group for affection was 51 - 60 years i.e. above 50 years but it can affect any age group. This disease has male preference. HIV association was 20% of cases. Neglected old patients reported late i.e. 3.3% had radical surgery. Recurrence of the tumour was 3.3% so regular follow up is needed. OSSN develops when the CD4 counts were less than 250cell/cu ml. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that there is an association between HIV infection and OSSN.

Comparative Study of Serum Malondialdehyde Levels as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Patients of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension and Controls.

Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy with a reported incidence ranging between 5 and 10%. In pregnancy-induced hypertension, many complex homeostatic modifications occur, some are harmful to the mother and fetus, while others are beneficial. The objective of this study was to determine the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and to compare them to that of normal pregnant women. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in the department of biochemistry which included total 30 patients of PIH age group of 20 to 40 years and age and sex matched controls. Serum MDA was estimated by method of Nourooz-Zadeh J et al using trichloroacetic acid and thiobarbituric acid. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for serum MDA. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS no. 17 and student t-test. In the present study, statistically significant increase in levels of lipid peroxidation MDA was observed PIH as compared to those in normal pregnant controls.

Primary intratesticular pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma: A rare case report.

Intratesticular leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor of the genitourinary system. We report a case of intratesticular pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma in a 68-year-old male who presented with gradual painless enlargement of the right scrotal mass over a period of 1-2 years. Radiological examination revealed a right testicular tumor.Right radical orchiectomy was performed with high ligation of the spermatic cord. Histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry confi rmed the diagnosis of a pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma of the testis. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the 13th case of primary intratesticular leiomyosarcoma and the third case of high-grade (pleomorphic) intratesticular leiomyosarcoma in an elderly male reported in the literature.