Associations between floods and bacillary dysentery cases in main urban areas of Chongqing, China, 2005-2016: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND@#Understanding the association between floods and bacillary dysentery (BD) incidence is necessary for us to assess the health risk of extreme weather events. This study aims at exploring the association between floods and daily bacillary dysentery cases in main urban areas of Chongqing between 2005 and 2016 as well as evaluating the attributable risk from floods.@*METHODS@#The association between floods and daily bacillary dysentery cases was evaluated by using distributed lag non-linear model, controlling for meteorological factors, long-term trend, seasonality, and day of week. The fraction and number of bacillary dysentery cases attributable to floods was calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the association across age, gender, and occupation.@*RESULTS@#After controlling the impact of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, long-term trend, and seasonality, a significant lag effect of floods on bacillary dysentery cases was found at 0-day, 3-day, and 4-day lag, and the cumulative relative risk (CRR) over a 7-lag day period was 1.393 (95%CI 1.216-1.596). Male had higher risk than female. People under 5 years old and people aged 15-64 years old had significantly higher risk. Students, workers, and children had significantly higher risk. During the study period, based on 7-lag days, the attributable fraction of bacillary dysentery cases due to floods was 1.10% and the attributable number was 497 persons.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study confirms that floods can increase the risk of bacillary dysentery incidence in main urban areas of Chongqing within an accurate time scale, the risk of bacillary dysentery caused by floods is still serious. The key population includes male, people under 5 years old, students, workers, and children. Considering the lag effect of floods on bacillary dysentery, the government and public health emergency departments should advance to the emergency health response in order to minimize the potential risk of floods on public.

Spatial data based study of distribution of hepatitis C in Chongqing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the spatial distribution of hepatitis C in Chongqing and its influencing factors.Methods The surveillance data of hepatitis C in 38 counties in Chongqing from January 2010 to December 2014 were collected,and spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial regression analysis were conducted respectively by using software GeoDa 1.6.7.Results The reported incidence of hepatitis C in Chongqing ranged from 7.3/100 000 to 13.6/100 000 during 2010-2014,with the annual reported incidence of 10.3/100 000.The global Moran' s I values were 0.478,0.503,0.529,0.438,0.406 respectively (P＜0.05).The local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated there were 6,4,7,5 and 6 areas with high incidences of hepatitis C in 2010,2011,2012,2013 and 2014 respectively.Spatial regression analysis revealed that the reported incidence of hepatitis C in Chongqing was associated with the urbanization rate (Z=2.126,P=0.033).Conclusions The spatial distribution of hepatitis C in Chongqing from 2010 to 2014 was highly clustered.The hot spot of hepatitis C were mainly in the core areas and extended areas with well-developed economy,however the cold spot were in southeastern ecological reserve area with less developed economy.Urbanization had a certain positive influence on the distribution of hepatitis C in Chongqing.

"A summary of transnational medical rescue for ""4·25"" Nepal 8.1 magnitude earthquake" / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To summarize the medical rescue of Chinese Government Medical Team (Chongqing) in Nepal earthquake region in order to explore the work pattern of transnational medical rescue,and improve the rescue efficiency.Methods From the experience about the post-earthquake medical rescue of Chinese Government Medical Team (Chongqing) in Nepal in 2015,several aspects were worthy to summarize such as the establishment of medical team,the layout of camp site,the work algorithm and process,with the analysis of injury feature and outcome of treatment.Results Under the setting of efficient organization and rational assignment of professional work,special working rules,the mutual transfer treatment and multi-disciplinary treatment were employed for 737 emergency patients.Of them,128 patients were hospitalized (including 63 patients completely recovered,56 patients were of clinical improvement,and 9 patients were critically ill transferred to other hospital for advanced treatment),and post-traumatic complication occurred in 48 cases without death.In addition,148 operations were carried out successfully.Conclusions The earthquake disaster has specific feature such as suddenness,a host of casualties and poor rescue conditions,and overseas rescue is with the presence of the language barrier,the difference in living habit,and the lack of coordination with local rescue system,therefore,rationally assigning personnel and resources and establishing work pattern with flexibility,orderly and good communication are the key to promote the efficiency of transnational medical rescue for the injured patients in earthquake region.