Fibroepithelial stromal polyp of vagina in pregnancy - A mimicker

A rare mesenchymal neoplasm of the lower female genital tract, fibroepithelial stromal tumor, may be confused with other more aggressive lesions. The appearance in pregnancy may further complicate a normal vaginal delivery and lead to confusion with a more unfavorable diagnosis. Even on histological examination, it is pertinent to rule put other stromal tumors of the region. To avoid overdiagnosis, the pathologist must be aware of the specific histomorphology. We report a case of fibroepithelial stromal polyp in a 32-year-old pregnant woman as an incidental finding during a routine antenatal check-up.

Role of speech-language pathologist in tracheostomy care – A case study

A “tracheotomy” refers to the surgical procedure that creates an opening between the trachea and the midline skin surface of the neck. Indicators for a tracheostomy tube include airway protection, removal of tracheal secretions, and wean from long-term mechanical ventilation. Assessment and management will be overseen by a multidisciplinary team which includes a speech-language pathologist whose involvement in tracheostomy include assisting the patient to tolerate successful periods of cuff deflation and saliva management, re-establishing verbal communication, conducting swallow assessments to re-establish oral intake, providing dysphagia rehabilitation, and providing input into the decannulation decision. This case study is focusing on the 42-year-old male who had the right cerebellopontine angle meningioma for which he underwent retrosigmoid, suboccipital craniotomy, and excision of lesion. Tracheostomy was done following stridor and wheezing, and he is under nasogastric tube for feeding. Assessment and management for swallowing and speech were focussed and results were documented.

Fluoride in fish flesh, fish bone and regular diet in south-coastal area of Karnataka state of India

The objective of the study was to estimate the fluoride content in regular food items available, including fish, in a coastal area of the South Karnataka state of India. Materials and Methods: Fish and food samples were collected from a local market, i.e., Deralakatte, Mangalore of Karnataka State, India. Commonly consumed different species of fish (eight types are included in the study) and popular food items (twelve types) were collected through a random sampling strategy and then processed for the study. The flesh and bones of fish were separated from individual fish. Samples of flesh, bones, and food (nonfish, vegetarian food consumed by a proportion of Karnataka population) were homogenized separately, dried, and the pH of the processed samples was adjusted to neutrality (pH 7.0). Fluoride anion was determined using a fluoride ion selective electrode (ISE, Nico2000 Ltd., UK). Although the ingredients of the different fish and food items explored differed, the same processing technique and analytical laboratory bench-work procedure were performed for each sample, i.e., as per published research elsewhere. This ensured the accurate estimation of fluoride for each food item. Results: Concentrations of fluoride in foods (Nonfish, vegetarian food) was estimated to ranging from 0.85 to 7.09 ppm and that in fish samples ranged from 1.45 to 2.30 ppm. The highest concentration was estimated 3.16 ppm in Rohu fish flesh, and 7 ppm in rava dosa (a vegetarian food). Conclusion: In conclusion, the Rohu (Labeo rohita) fish species were found to contain higher concentrations of bone fluoride. Fluoride determined in fish flesh was also high in concentration 2.28 ppm. Among the regular food items, rava dosa (a thin and crispy crepe made from rava and rice flour) preparation has a higher level of fluoride. These values would provide valid information regarding the future development of recommended dietary allowance strategy for a population.

Isolation of Antibiotic Producing Bacteria from Soil.

Most antibiotics used today are isolated and extracted from microbial source. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and need for better, broad spectrum antibiotics is always in high demand. In the present study, antibiotic producing bacteria were isolated from a local soil sample. After primary screening, two bacterial strains (strain 1 and 2) were isolated, which showed antimicrobial activity against some common bacteria namely, E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. aureus, P.aeruginosa and M. smegmatis. The isolated strains showed prominent zones of inhibition against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and P. Aeruginosa but not against M. smegmatis. To identify the isolated strains, biochemical tests were performed and it was found that both the strains were Bacillus sp with some differences in cultural characteristics. The strains were also found to be resistant to some antibiotics such as tetracycline. The screen for the presence of any plasmid which might be influencing antibiotic production by these strains, the cultures were used for extraction of plasmids wherein, both the strains were observed to have a plasmid of ~ 10 kb. Further study in identification of these strains will be helpful in improving these strains for antibiotic production.

Tubercular ileal perforation - atypical, acute presentation in a renal transplant recipient - a case report.

Summary: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is more common than pulmonary TB in immuno-suppressed renal transplant recipients. Atypical presentation of TB and disseminated TB is known in transplant recipients. Usually intestinal TB presents with pain abdomen, intermittent subacute intestinal obstruction, diarrhoea and/or constitutional symptoms like fever and weight loss. Here we report a case of renal allograft recipient on regular hospital follow up, presented with acute abdomen with no previous symptoms of fever, weight loss or abdominal symptoms and was diagnosed to have tubercular ileal perforation on exploratory laporatomy and confirmed by histopathological examination. This patient succumbed to the illness due to sepsis despite timely surgery, broad spectrum antibiotics and antitubercular therapy.

Image-directed percutaneous FNAC of ovarian neoplasms.

Fine needle aspiration of ovarian neoplasms is a relatively less frequented area of diagnostic aspiration cytology. Hence, an attempt has been made in the present study to evaluate the current status of Image-directed percutaneous needle aspiration in ovarian neoplasms and to assess its value and limitations in the diagnosis and management of ovarian neoplasms. The present study involves 105 cases of ovarian neoplasms, which were assessed by ultrasound-guided FNAC. Only those cases with adequate material on aspiration and availability of cellblock or biopsy material following FNAC for correlative histopathological study were included in the study. The diagnostic accuracy of ovarian neoplasms in the present study was 89.85%, with a false negative rate of 4.76%. Considering the rapidity and reliability of the procedure with its added advantages like cost-effectiveness and increased patient acceptability, it can be concluded that image-guided FNAC holds a key position in the diagnosis and management of ovarian neoplasms.

Ectopic pregnancy unusually occuring in rudimentary uterine horn--report of two cases.

Two rare cases of second term ectopic pregnancy in non-communicating rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus, one intact and another ruptured, are discussed here considering the rarity of its occurrence. An attempt has been made to address the associated multitude of complications with stress on the importance of early diagnosis of such unusual pregnancies and timely surgical intervention which contribute towards improved management and patient care.

Covalent enzyme immobilization onto glassy carbon matrix-implications in biosensor design.

The aim of the present work is to design an electrode for biosensors by covalent immobilization of the redox enzyme. In the covalently modified electrode, the biocatalyst is located close to the electrode surface and this is expected to enhance the electron transfer rate from the enzyme to the electrode. Several methods of covalent immobilization of enzymes onto a glassy carbon surface are described. We have chosen horse radish peroxidase enzyme in our study but any other suitable enzyme can be immobilized depending on the intended use. A three step procedure that includes (i) heat treatment of matrix at lOO-l10°C to remove volatiles and absorbates, (ii) chemjcal pretreatment to introduce functional groups like -OH, -NO2, -Br etc. followed by (iii) glutaraldehyde coupling of the enzyme (for the nitrated mati x after subsequent reduction) or modification of the matrix by carboxymethylation and enzyme coupling using carbodiimide (for hydroxylated matrix) was followed. The amount of enzyme immobilized onto the carbon surface was estimated by spectrophotometric enzymatic activity assay, commonly used for the soluble enzyme. We found that simple nitration did not introduce any significant amount of functional groups and the matrix with hydrogen peroxide pretreatment showed the highest enzyme loading of 0.05 U/mg of carbon matrix. The HRP enzyme electrode was tested in a rotating disk experiment for its response with the substrate.