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Currently, there is no approved drug to combat dengue. Various quinoline derivatives are known for potential antimalarial, antiviral activities, etc. In the present work docking between 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs was performed with dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease using CB dock, a web server. Lys74, Ile165, Val147, Asn152, Asn167, Trp83 and Leu149 amino acid residues were found to be in contact with designed 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs. Different modes of binding like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, etc with designed compounds improve potential anti-dengue characteristics in silico. ADME results are in acceptable range.
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Currently, there is no approved drug to combat dengue. Various quinoline derivatives are known for potential antimalarial, antiviral activities, etc. In the present work docking between 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs was performed with dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease using CB dock, a web server. Lys74, Ile165, Val147, Asn152, Asn167, Trp83 and Leu149 amino acid residues were found to be in contact with designed 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline analogs. Different modes of binding like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, etc with designed compounds improve potential anti-dengue characteristics in silico. ADME results are in acceptable range.
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Background: Most of the studies described anatomical parameters on X-ray. Here the measurements were carried out on adult human cadavers. This study will essentially help orthopedicians to make suitable hip joint prosthesis, also help forensic expert in disputed sex and help to understand biomechanics of hip joint. These parameters help us to understand etiopathogenesis of disease like osteo-arthritis of hip joint. Methodology: A total 60 hip joints were studied in 20 male and 10 female cadavers. Measurements taken with soft tissue in situ for depth of acetabulum. These measurements were taken using vernier caliper and a steel scale. Mean values of measurements were recorded and compared between males and females. The mean values also compared with right and left side for males and females. Results: The mean depth of acetabulum was found to be 31.78 mm in males and 29.70 mm in females. The mean values of parameter were found to be greater in males than in females.The mean values of parameters was found to be greater on right side in both males and females. Conclusions: The mean values of depth of acetabulum were found to be significantly greater in males than in females. The parameters of hip joint are immense importance to orthopaedicians, radiologists, and prosthetists. These values are useful to identify the fragment of bone for sex determination sent to forensic expert.The acetabulum was relatively deeper in this study compared to other similar study. This explains why congenital subluxation is rare in Indians. These parameters will help the orthopaedicians, prosthetist to design suitable hip prosthesis.
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Methods@#A prospective study was conducted of 30 patients with spinal tuberculosis (15 HIV positive and 15 HIV negative) from August 2014–July 2016 for assessment of clinical and radiological parameters. Neurological assessment was done by classification of tuberculous paraplegia, and the amount of kyphosis was assessed by Cobb angle on a plain radiograph. Abscess size in anterior epidural space, the number of vertebral bodies involved and collapsed, and skip lesions were noted on magnetic resonance imaging. Results: In the prospective analysis of 30 patients, HIV positive (n=15) and HIV negative (n=15), there was no significant difference in neurological grading between the two groups. The amount of vertebral body destruction and degree of kyphosis was significantly greater in HIV-negative patients as compared with HIV-positive patients. There was a significant difference in Cobb angle between the two groups. The amount of anterior epidural space abscess formation was greater in HIV-positive patients as compared with HIVnegative patients. @*Conclusions@#HIV-negative patients had greater vertebral body destruction and resultant kyphosis as compared with HIV-positive patients, who had greater anterior epidural abscess formation.
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Methods@#A prospective study was conducted of 30 patients with spinal tuberculosis (15 HIV positive and 15 HIV negative) from August 2014–July 2016 for assessment of clinical and radiological parameters. Neurological assessment was done by classification of tuberculous paraplegia, and the amount of kyphosis was assessed by Cobb angle on a plain radiograph. Abscess size in anterior epidural space, the number of vertebral bodies involved and collapsed, and skip lesions were noted on magnetic resonance imaging. Results: In the prospective analysis of 30 patients, HIV positive (n=15) and HIV negative (n=15), there was no significant difference in neurological grading between the two groups. The amount of vertebral body destruction and degree of kyphosis was significantly greater in HIV-negative patients as compared with HIV-positive patients. There was a significant difference in Cobb angle between the two groups. The amount of anterior epidural space abscess formation was greater in HIV-positive patients as compared with HIVnegative patients. @*Conclusions@#HIV-negative patients had greater vertebral body destruction and resultant kyphosis as compared with HIV-positive patients, who had greater anterior epidural abscess formation.
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The rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice and can lead to complete failure of the crop under severe cases. The first step in breeding for blast resistance in rice is therefore to identify the novel sources of resistance and cataloguing different blast resistant genes in these genotypes. In the present study, a set of 37 rice genotypes comprising of landraces, advanced breeding lines and released varieties were first characterized for blast resistance under epiphytotic conditions and subsequently different blast resistant genes were catalogued with the help of markers tightly linked to these genes. A total of 22 different blast resistant genes were catalogued in these genotypes. Lot of diversity was found to be present for different genes in the rice genotypes studied. In addition, a set of 2–3 markers were identified which could distinguish genotypes of a particular geographic area from each other.The results are useful for identifying the right combination of genotypes in the resistance breeding programme
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Background: Low birth weight is one of the most serious challenges in maternal and child health in both developed and developing countries. According to a UNICEF report about 28 per cent of babies born in India are low birth weight. Present hospital based study was undertaken to estimate the proportion of babies with low birth weight.Methods: The present hospital based descriptive study was conducted at Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Govt. Medical College and Hospital. The data collection was done during 1st March 2012 to 28th February 2013. All deliveries occurring on alternate days were included in the study which comes to, 1154 deliveries.Results: Out of total 1154 live full term new borns; 279 (24.18%) were low birth weight babies. The percentage of low birth weight babies was more in mothers from rural area 243 (27.46%). Highest percentage (45.33%) of low birth weight babies was seen in non agricultural laborer. Higher percentage of low birth weight babies (26.18%) was observed among mothers belonging to joint family. Highest percentage (28.61%) of low birth weight babies was observed in class V socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Baby birth weight has significant association with place of residence, mothers occupation, fathers occupation, socioeconomic status of family (p<0.05).
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Background: Low birth weight is single most important factor determining the survival chances of the child. A high percentage of low birth weight points to deficient health status of pregnant women, inadequate prenatal care and the need for improved care of the newborn. Present hospital based study was undertaken to identify the maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight babies.Methods: The present hospital based descriptive study was conducted at Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Govt. Medical College and Hospital. The data collection was done during 1st March 2012 to 28th February 2013. All deliveries occurring on alternate days were included in the study which comes to, 1154 deliveries. Data was analysed by using SPSS 16.0 version.Results: The percentage of low birth weight babies was more in primipara mothers (25.53%). The percentage of low birth weight babies was high (34.56%) when pregnancy interval was 1 year. Percentage of low birth weight was maximum among mothers with no antenatal visits (42.93%). Percentage of low birth weight babies was more (38.75%) in mothers who had not consumed iron and folic acid tablets. Percentage of low birth weight babies was higher (35.62%) among mothers who had antenatal history of radiological exposure. Percentage of low birth weight babies was more (30.27%) in mothers who received inadequate afternoon rest.Conclusions: In our study low birth weight was commonly observed in primipara mothers, pregnancy interval less than a year, mothers with no antenatal visits, in mothers who had not consumed iron and folic acid tablets and with history of radiological exposure.
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The mint oil obtained from Mentha arvensis L. is an important ingredient of ointments, pain balms, lozenges, syrups and various cosmetic preparations. Using half sib progeny selection method, CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow, India has developed a new chemotype (MAC/BS-11) of Mentha arvensis. Essential oil extracted from the aerial shoots of this chemotype (MaP) is rich in pulegone. Here, we conducted a blind pharmacological study using MaP to evaluate its therapeutic profile against skin inflammation using in vivo and in silico assays. Results of this study conclude that MaP significantly (P <0.05) reduced the skin thickness, ear weight and pro-inflammatory cytokines production in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear inflammation model. In vivo toxicity profiles indicate that it is safe for topical application on skin. Molecular docking study also revealed its strong binding affinity to the active site of the pro-inflammatory proteins. These findings suggest that MaP, a pulegone rich essential oil of Mentha arvensis, could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of skin inflammation.
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Background: Generation of reactive oxygen species together with paucity of antioxidant defense is considered as an important cause for dopaminergic neuronal death. Review of literature indicates that none of the drugs so far studied for preventing the PD were found to be promising for use. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Paeonia emodi Wall (PEW) in 6-hydroxy dopamine induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) model.Methods: The study was conducted on Wistar rats where Parkinson’s disease was induced by producing the striatal 6-hydroxy dopamine lesions. The test animals received ethanolic extract of PEW at dose of 200 and 300mg/kg for 28 days. Circling behavior, spontaneous locomotor activity, muscular coordination and akinesia were studied. Antioxidant levels were assessed by biochemical estimation and histopathology was carried out for dopaminergic neuronal loss.Results: PEW ethanolic extract showed significant dose dependent recovery in number of circlings, line crossing, muscular coordination and akinesia. A significant increase in MDA levels and decreased GSH level in PEW treated groups was observed in test groups as compared to control group (p<0.05). Normal architecture was retained only in PEW 300mg/Kg (p<0.05). L-Dopa did not showed effect on biochemical and histological parameters.Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of PEW showed neuroprotective activity against 6-hydroxy dopamine induced Parkinson’s disease in rats in both 200 and 300mg/kg doses. The protective action of PEW in PD can be because of its ability to reduce the oxidative stress.
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Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Hypomagnesaemia has been reported to occur at an increased frequency among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with retinopathy compared with their counterparts without diabetic retinopathy. The study was done with aimed whether there is any correlation between serum magnesium concentration and diabetic retinopathy in a rural population. Aim: This study was carried out to find the correlation between serum magnesium levels in diabetic patients with retinopathy. Methods: 100 type 2 DM patients admitted in NIMS Medical Collage Hospital, Jaipur over the period of 8 months between 1st December 2014 to 31th July 2015, were selected for this study. Detailed history, general physical examination, systemic examination, and various investigations like fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar after 2 hrs (PP2BS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), Blood urea, serum creatinine and urine examination were carried out. Serum magnesium was estimated by Calmagite dye method. Retinopathy was assessed by direct opthalmoscopy. Results: Prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in type 2 diabetic was 30% hypomagnesaemia was significantly higher in diabetic with retinopathy compared to diabetic without retinopathy. Serum magnesium level is in uncontrolled DM when compare with control DM. No significant associations existed between serum magnesium concentrations and other factors like age, sex, durations of diabetes, mode of treatment. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in type 2 diabetics is 30%, And especially more significant in diabetes with retinopathy when comparison to diabetes without retinopathy.
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Objective: To study the prescription patterns in a psychiatry outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methodology: An observational study was conducted from August 2007 to January 2008 in a psychiatry outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 300 patients suffering from 3 major classes of psychiatric illnesses (Schizophrenia & other psychotic disorders, Mood disorders, Anxiety disorders as diagnosed by Psychiatrists). The data from the prescription card of the patients was noted in a structured pro forma. Results: Prescription analysis showed that average number of drugs per encounter (Mean ± SD) was 2.53 ± 0.97. Not a single drug was prescribed by generic name. Injection was prescribed in 5% of prescriptions. 67.41% of drugs were prescribed from hospital formulary while 60.03% of drugs were actually dispensed from the hospital pharmacy. In Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, most common antipsychotic drug prescribed was Trifluoperazine followed by Chlorpromazine. In mood and anxiety disorders, most common drug prescribed was Imipramine and Chlordiazepoxide respectively. Conclusion: The present study could serve as a platform upon which further studies in prescription analysis of psychotropic drugs can be undertaken to investigate the scope for improvement in prescribing practices in psychiatry.
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Accidental poisoning, a common paediatric emergency, is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. More than half of all cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers involve children under the age of six. And sadly, the majority of these accidental poisonings occur at home. However in India, the precise incidence of accidental poisoning among children is uncertain due to lack of reporting of all the cases. In India, pesticides are used abundantly for cultivation and are stored negligently at home, making them a potential source of accidental poisoning in children especially in rural areas. The best way to minimize paedi-atric accidental poisoning is by creating awareness about safe use and storage of poisonous substances and constant supervision of children. A case of accidental paedi-atric mass poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticide is being reported in this article.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanol extract of Ricinus communis leaves (MRCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test, formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion method in mice at doses of 100, 125 and 150 mg/kg bw.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results indicated that MRCL exhibited considerable antinociceptive activity against three classical models of pain in mice. Preliminary phytochemical analysis suggested the presence of saponin, steroids and alkaloids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It can be concluded that MRCL possesses antinociceptive potential that may be due to saponin, steroids and alkaloids in it.</p>
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Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Alcaloides , Química , Analgésicos , Química , Dolor , Quimioterapia , Extractos Vegetales , Química , Hojas de la Planta , Química , Ricinus , Química , Saponinas , QuímicaRESUMEN
Asthma is a common disease that is rising in prevalence worldwide with the highest prevalence in industrialized countries. Asthma affects about 300 million people worldwide and it has been estimated that a further 100 million will be affected by 2025. Since the ancient times, plants have been exemplary sources of medicine. Current asthma therapy lack satisfactory success due to adverse effect, hence patients are seeking complementary and alternative medicine to treat their asthma. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in various human ailments. India has about 45,000 plant species and among them several thousand are claimed to possess medicinal properties. Researches conducted in the last few decades on the plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for asthma have shown antiasthmatic, antihistaminic and antiallergic activity. This review reveals that some plants and their extract have antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, anticholinergic and antiallergic activity.
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Humanos , Antiasmáticos , Asma , Quimioterapia , Medicina Ayurvédica , Extractos Vegetales , Plantas MedicinalesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study sought to find out QT dispersion in healthy individuals and patients of acute myocardial infarction and to find correlation, if any, between QT dispersion and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: QT dispersion was calculated from a 12-lead electrocardiogram in 100 patients of acute myocardial infarction admitted in intensive coronary care unit and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. In patients of acute myocardial infarction, QT dispersion was calculated on admission, 24 hours after admission and at the time of discharge from intensive coronary care unit. Average QT dispersion in acute myocardial infarction was found to be significantly higher on admission (76.4 +/- 18.3 ms), 24 hours after admission (62.88 +/- 17.52 ms) and at the time of discharge from intensive coronary care unit (51.79 +/- 16.79 ms) than in healthy individuals (29.76 +/- 6.06 ms; p<0.05). QT dispersion was found to be significantly increased in patients of acute myocardial infarction with ventricular arrhythmias (82.06 +/- 16.86 ms) than in those without (66.75 +/- 16.28 ms; p<0.01). Patients of acute myocardial infarction with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation had significantly increased QT dispersion (96.25 +/- 15.97 ms) than those who had only ventricular premature beats (80 +/- 15.04 ms; p<0.01). QT dispersion was found to be significantly greater in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (79.80 +/- 18.19 ms) than in those with inferior wall acute myocardial infarction (71.9 +/- 17.48 ms; p<0.05). At the time of discharge from intensive coronary care unit no statistically significant difference was found in QT dispersion in those who received thrombolysis (51.58 +/- 16.05 ms) and those who did not (48.18 +/- 14.68 ms; p>0.05). QT dispersion was found to be significantly higher in those who died (88.66 +/- 15.97 ms) than in those who survived (74.23 +/- 17.91 ms; p<0.05). QT dispersion was significantly higher in ventricular arrhythmic deaths (97.14 +/- 17.04 ms) than those who had non-arrhythmiac deaths (81.25 +/- 11.25 ms; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Interlead QT variation and its measure as QT dispersion challenges our current approach to the electrocardiographic assessment of arrhythmic risk. QT dispersion may provide a potentially simple, cheap, non-invasive method of measuring underlying dispersion of ventricular excitability.