Intradiploic Encephalocele at the Parietal Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review

Intradiploic encephalocele is a rare condition of herniation of the brain parenchyma through the diploic space. A 52-year-old man presented with a parietal intradiploic encephalocele manifesting as an intermittent headache for 7 months. CT revealed an osteolytic lesion involving the right parietal bone. MRI demonstrated brain herniation within the diploic space. Surgery may be unnecessary in the absence of concurrent symptoms or neurological deficits. After 2 years of follow-up, symptoms were improved without neurological deficits and CT findings. We report the X-ray, CT, and MRI findings of an extremely rare case of parietal intradiploic encephalocele in adulthood.

Expression and clinical significance of defensin alpha 6 in colorectal cancer

PURPOSE: Defensin alpha 6 (DEFA6) is cationic short peptide with known functional activities in innate antimicrobial immunity. DEFA6 is also highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue. The mechanism and function of DEFA6 have not been reported how to play a significant role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protumorigenic functions of DEFA6 in the colorectal cancer cell line and the clinical significance of DEFA6 expression in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS: DEFA6 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 151 cases of colorectal cancer tissue and the association of DEFA6 expression was correlated with patient's cancer charecteristics.RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the DEFA6 protein was expressed higher in advanced cancer group (high T stage, patients with lymph node metastasis, patients with vascular invasion) than early cancer group (low T stage, patients without lymph node metastasis, patients without vascular invasion) (P=0.007/0.032/0.047).CONCLUSION: As patient's survival usually depends on migration and invasion of the cancer cell, the high expression of DEFA6 in colorectal cancer cell is associated with patient's cancer charecteristics and could be a biomarker for colorectal cancer. The future study about characterization of DEFA6 will clarify its specific role in oncogenesis and its therapeutic potential.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoepithelioma-Like Gastric Carcinoma Presenting as a Submucosal Mass: CT Findings with Pathologic Correlation

A lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, characterized by a carcinoma with heavy lymphocyte infiltration, is one of the histological patterns observed in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma. Less than half of invasive carcinomas with lymphoepithelioma-like histology can grow to make a submucosal mass. These tumors generally have a better prognosis than conventional adenocarcinomas. We report a case of an EBV-associated lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma that presented as a submucosal mass on multi-detector (MD) CT and correlate them with the pathology.

A case of malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor (MMMT) of the uterine cervix / 대한산부인과학회지

Malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT) are rare biphasic malignant neoplasm with two components of carcinoma and sarcoma. The most common site of occurrence in female genital tract is the uterine corpus. MMMT of the cervix is extremely rare. MMMT of uterine corpus is highly malignant and the prognosis is poor. Surgery is treatment of choice of uterine cerivx MMMT. The clinicopathologic characteristics of tumor and treatment are uncertain because of lack of clinical data. We experienced one case of malignant mixed mullerian tumor of uterine cervix and report our experience with a brief review of literature.

A study on the expression of p16 gene, methylation of p16 gene promoter and HPV typing in uterine cervical neoplasia / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: p16 is cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor which decelerates cell cycle by inactivating CDKs that phosphorylate retinoblastoma protein (pRb). In cervical carcinogenesis, abnormality of p16 gene such as methylation of p16 gene promoter was investigated as an important factor. The aims of our study are to investigate the expression of p16 gene, methylation of p16 gene promoter region, and HPV typing in uterine cervical neoplasia. METHODS: A total of 104 samples (CIN1, 30 CIN2,3 45, invasive cancer, 29) were included. Expression of p16 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, methylation of p16 gene promoter region was analyzed with methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and we examed the result of HPV DNA testing. RESULTS: 1. In high risk HPV and low risk or negative group, p16 gene expression was observed in CIN1 (30% vs 23%), CIN2, 3 (64% vs 58%) and in invasive cancer (80% vs 37%) respectively. In invasive cancer, p16 gene expression of high risk HPV group was statistically higher than that of low risk or negative group. 2. In high risk HPV and low risk or negative group, p16 promoter methylation was observed in CIN1 (23% vs 17%), CIN2, 3 (25% vs 47%) and in invasive cancer (19% vs 87%) respectively. In invasive cancer, p16 promoter methylation of low risk or negative HPV group was statistically higher than that of low risk or negative group. CONCLUSION: p16 gene expression would be marker for CIN and cancer. Methylation of p16 promoter region may be one of the important mechanism for uterine cervical carcinogenesis especially in negative or low risk HPV group. but further studies are needed to reinforce this statement.

Human metapneumovirus infection in Korean children / 소아과

PURPOSE: Human metapneumovirus(hMPV) is a respiratory viral pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe bronchiolitis. The virus has been identified world widely, but so far it has not been published in Korea. METHODS: We obtained clinical samples by nasopharyngeal aspiration from 218 children hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infections at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Cheonan from October, 2004 to April, 2005. We designed specific primers from conserved region of fusion glycoprotein of hMPV. Total RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed, and single specific 423 bp product was obtained. The PCR product was confirmed to be fusion glycoprotein RNA by sequencing. RESULTS: We detected hMPV in 15(6.9 percent) of the 218 hospitalized children. The infected children comprised nine boys and six girls; their mean age was 2.8 years(5 mo-12 yrs) and they were diagnosed with pneumonia(60 percent), bronchiolitis(33.3 percent), croup(6.6 percent). The number of cases of detected hMPV in Korea increased dramatically during the period from March to May 2005. CONCLUSION: hMPV is circulating in Korean children and is associated with respiratory tract infection. Additional studies are required to define the epidemiology and the extent of diseases in the general population caused by hMPV.

A Study for the Prevalence of High-risk HPV Subtype in Uterine Cervical Neoplasia of Korean Women / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Many studies about Human Papilloma virus (HPV) that is a causative factor uterine cervical cancer have been established and more than 85 HPV types have been identified. The distributions of cancer-associated HPV types are different according to nations and region. To estimate the extent of infection with common HPVs among Korean women, we have examined specimens of various cervical lesion. METHODS: The samples were collected from 135 Korean women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chunan Hospital Soonchunhyang University, Chunan, Korea. DNA was extracted from the specimen and 112 samples were available. HPV subtype were identified using HPV DNA Chip and P-E ABI prism 310 DNA Autosequencer. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 98 cervical sample (80.3%) out of 122 cases. HPV typing in the samples revealed the prevalence of HPV 16 in 56 cases (57.1%), followed by HPV 58 in 14 cases (14.3%) and HPV 18 were only 2 cases (2.0%) among 98 HPV (+) cases. HPV-negative case was 34.8% and HPV-positive case was 65.2% in CIN I group. HPV-negative case was significantly high in CIN I group. HPV-positive cases were 83 cases (83.8%) in the cases advanced more than CIN I. There were significant difference comparing CIN I group. The order of cervical neoplasia-associated type were HPV-16, -58, -52 and ect. The pattern is similar to the results reported in China and Japanese. CONCLUSION: The finding indicated that the overall prevalence of HPV among Korean women is similar to that in China and Japanese, the distinct high proportion of HPV 58 infection deserves attention. The prevalence of high-risk HPV in Korean women is different from the one in western women but accumulated data from larger population and different regions in Korea is needed.