Primary Tumor Suppression and Systemic Immune Activation of Macrophages through the Sting Pathway in Metastatic Skin Tumor

Purpose@#Agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) play a key role in activating the STING pathway by promoting the production of cytokines. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects and activation of the systemic immune response of treatment with DMXAA (5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid), a STING agonist, in EML4-ALK lung cancer and CT26 colon cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#The abscopal effects of DMXAA in the treatment of metastatic skin nodules were assessed. EML4-ALK lung cancer and CT26 colon cancer models were used to evaluate these effects after DMXAA treatment. To evaluate the expression of macrophages and T cells, we sacrificed the tumor-bearing mice after DMXAA treatment and obtained the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the expression of each FFPE and tumor cell. @*Results@#We observed that highly infiltrating immune cells downstream of the STING pathway had increased levels of chemokines after DMXAA treatment. In addition, the levels of CD80 and CD86 in antigen-presenting cells were significantly increased after STING activation. Furthermore, innate immune activation altered the systemic T cell-mediated immune responses, induced proliferation of macrophages, inhibited tumor growth, and increased numbers of cytotoxic memory T cells. Tumor-specific lymphocytes also increased in number after treatment with DMXAA. @*Conclusion@#The abscopal effect of DMXAA treatment on the skin strongly reduced the spread of EML4-ALK lung cancer and CT26 colon cancer through the STING pathway and induced the presentation of antigens.

A Case of Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy Caused by 5-Fluorouracil

5-Fluorouracil is one of the most commonly used anticancer drug. We report a case of leukoencephalopathy who had received 5-fluorouracil injection following operation of carcinoid tumor in intestine. The case had dementia, dysarthria and gait disturbance. Brain CT showed bilaterally symmetric diffuse low densities in the white matter of cerebrum and cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid was negative for malignancy. Discontinuation of 5- fluorouracil injection for several days and then improved the clinical symptoms.

A Case of Athetosis in Basal Ganglia Calcification Associated with Hypoparathyroidism

Extrapyramidal tract motor disorder in calcification of basal ganglia probably occurs when the deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides in the basal ganglia is severe enough to lead to neuronal loss. Basal ganglia calcification has been noted to occur with higher incidence and intensity in encephalitis lethargica, carbon monocide intoxication, anoxia, tuberous sclerosis, toxoplasmosis, hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. The neurologic disorder is frequently reversible with treatment in patients with basal ganglia calcification who have hypoparathy-roidism. We report a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia and athetoid movement. This is the first case report in Korea.

Relationship of Leukoaraiosis with Cerebrovascular Disease

Non-specific periventricular white matter lucencies on computed tomography(leukoaraiosis) were found in 130(40%) of 324 patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Patients with leukoaraiosis were significantly older than those without it and correlated with hypertension and lacunar infarction but not with cortical infarction. In patients with hemorrhage, leukoaraiosis occurred sinigificantly more often when aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation were not demonstrated. Our fiindings suggest that leukoaraiosis in cerebrovascular disease is associated with small vessel disease.

The Effect of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication on The Metabolites of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Human Cerbrospinal Fluid

This study was done in order to show the effects of carbon rnonoxide (CO) induced hypoxia on the steps of metabolism of rnonoamine neurotransmitters. There were 9 patients exposed to CO and 5 patients of control group. We evaluated their cerebrospinal fluid within 24 hours after CO exposure. And we measured the amounts of 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the CO exposure group, the levels of 5-HIAA and HVA were reduced compared with the control group. It was thought that the changes in the levels of 5-HIAA and HVA were due to the transient decrease in monoamine oxidase activity in acute hypoxia.

Factors Associated with Ventricular Dilatation after Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Acute ventricular dilatation is an important complication of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrage(SAH). We studied several factors possibly related to ventricular dilatation following SAH in 110patient. We concluded the followings: 1) The incidence of ventricular dilatation was increased as the clinical status on ad mission was aggravated. 2) The incldence of ventricular dilatation was increased with associated IVH or ICH and IVH 3) Cerebral angiography(95 cases) revealed the anterior communicating artery(ACOM) to be the most common site of aneurysm in 39 cases(46.2 %) and in the cases with ventricular dilatation ACOM was also the most common site of aneurysm in l8 cases. 4) The incidence of ventricular dilatation was high in the cases with the history of hypertension, and more high blood pressure on admission, especially the systolic blood pressure, there were more cases of ventricular dilatation. 5) There were more cases of ventricular dilatation in the hyponatremia. 6) The mortality of the 110 patients of SAH was 22.7%(25 cases), and in the group of ventricular dilatation the mortality was 34.1%.

A Case of Mononeuropathy Multiplex in Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

Hypereosinophilic syndrome comprises several disorders with the common features of prolonged eosinophilia of an undetectable cause and organ system dysfunction. It is likely that organ damage is due to infiltration by eosinophils or to eosinophil-derived products. We report a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with multiple mononeuropathy verified by EMG, nerve conduction study, and biosy..

A Clinical Experience upon Acute Renal Failure due to Mismatched Blood Transfusion / 대한마취과학회지

Among the transfusion reaction, the hemolytic reaction due to mismatched blood transfusion is a fatal complication. After immediate fatal disaster, the renal complication is still life threatening and so its prevention and management are very important. We experienced five cases of acute renal failure and, two of five patients were developed at the SNU hospital and the remainders were transfered to the SNU hospital from local hospital. Two of five patients were showed oliguric renal failures and the remamders were showed non-o-liguric renal failures. All five patients were discharged without complication. We summerize the labaratory data of the five patients during hospitalization and together reviewed with the literatures.

A Clinical Study on Myscle Pain Following the Administration of Depolarizing Musele Relaxants ( Succinylcholine ) / 대한마취과학회지

An attempt was made to correlate the incidence of muscle pain following the administration of succinyIcholine and its prevention by prior administration of gallamine or d-tubocurarine. The overall incidence of pain after use of succinylcholine was 29 per cent. The prior injection of d-tubocurarine (0. 05 mg/kg) or gallamine (0. 3 mg/kg) completely pervented the muscle pain. It is presumed that d-tubocurarine or gallamine protects the patients from muscle pain by preventing a portion of the injected succinylcholine from depolarizing the muscle fibers.

A Clinical Study Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation / 대한마취과학회지

This report is 5 anesthetic experiences of renal transplantation performed from October 1972 to May 1973 at Central Operating Theater, Seoul National University Hospital. The major considerations about renal transplantation are the states of anemia, uremia, acidosis, electrlytes imbalance with hyperpatassemia, hypertension and immunological problems. In anesthetic management, the following must be considered: 1) Operative method. 1. Concomitant transplantation with nephrectomy 2. Transplantation followed by nephrectomy 2) Duration of operation 3) Degree of hypertension 4) Degree of anemia 5) Degree of pulmonary function 6) Intraoperative arterial blood analysis.

A Clinical Study on Haemaccel / 대한마취과학회지

To determine the effects of Haemaccel upon liver, kidney, serum electrolytos and hemostatic functions, 500 ml. of 3.5% Haemaccel solution was administered intravenously to 20 patients during elective surgery. In all cases estimated blood loss was less than 600 ml. without replacement. RBC, WBC, hemoglobin; hematocrit, ESR, platelet, bleeding time, coagulation time and prothrombin time were determined immediately before, and again 30 minutes and 5 hours after infusion; and total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, sodium and potassium were ehecked immediately before, and again 5 hours and 24 hours after the end of infusion. The results are as follows: 1) No anaphylactic shock or bleeding tendency characteristic of colloids was encountered. 2) No functional disturbances of liver or kidney directly attributable to Haemaccel were identified. 3) No pathological changes were noted in general laboratpry parameters except for elevated ESR, probably due to decreased blood viscosity, dilution of blood and to pseudoagglutination of red cells.