A Case of Solitary Bullous Mastocytoma Occurring at a Site of Spinal Tap / 대한피부과학회지

Mastocytosis is characterized by an accumulation of mast cells in various organs, most frequently in the skin. A solitary mastocytoma is a clinical variant of cutaneous mastocytosis. It is defined as a localized collection of mast cells in the skin without evidence of extracutaneous organ involvement. Here we report on a 2-year-old female patient presenting with Solitary erythematous bulla on her lower back. The patient had a history of spinal tap on the lower back for evaluation of meningitis at 5 months of age, which resulted in trauma at the site. Histopathology showed mast cells infiltrating the papillary and reticular dermis and metachromatic purple cytoplasmic granules seen with Giemsa staining. As a result, the patient was diagnosed with a solitary bullous mastocytoma and administered antihistamine. The patient showed complete remission at 3 months. Herein, we report a rare case of solitary bullous mastocytoma occurring at a trauma site.

Tazarotene-Induced Gene 3 May Affect Inflammatory Angiogenesis in Psoriasis by Downregulating Placental Growth Factor Expression

No abstract available.

Comparative Study of Photodynamic Therapy with Topical Methyl Aminolevulinate versus 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Facial Actinic Keratosis with Long-Term Follow-Up

BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared the efficacy, cosmetic outcomes, and adverse events between 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) and methyl aminolevulinate-PDT (MAL-PDT) for actinic keratoses (AKs) in Asian ethnic populations with dark-skin. OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively compared the long-term efficacy, recurrence rates, cosmetic outcomes, and safety of ALA-PDT versus MAL-PDT for facial AKs in Koreans. METHODS: A total of 222 facial AKs in 58 patients were included in this study. A total of 153 lesions (29 patients) were treated with 5-ALA, and 69 lesions (29 patients) with MAL. ALA and MAL creams were applied for 6 hours and 3 hours, respectively; the lesions were then illuminated with a halogen lamp at 150 J/cm2 for ALA-PDT and a diode lamp at 37 J/cm2 for MAL-PDT. RESULTS: The complete response rates of ALA-PDT and MAL-PDT were 56.9% and 50.7%, respectively, with no significant difference at 12 months after treatment. No significant difference in recurrence rates was observed between the 2 PDT modalities at either 6 or 12 months after treatment. There was no significant difference in the cosmetic outcomes between the 2 treatment modalities at 12 months after PDT. However, ALA-PDT caused significantly more painful than MAL-PDT (p=0.005). The adverse events were mild to moderate, transient, and self-limiting for both modalities. CONCLUSION: MAL-PDT was similar to ALA-PDT in terms of long-term efficacy, recurrence rates, cosmetic outcomes, and adverse events; however, it was a significantly less painful procedure than ALA-PDT in our study.

Abrupt Onset of Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis / 대한피부과학회지

Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is characterized histopathologically by the presence of granulomatous inflammation with or without leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It has been associated with multiple systemic diseases, particularly autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and Behcet's disease. We report a 52-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with a single, non-tender, rapidly growing nodule on her right elbow. Histologic examination of the nodule revealed degenerated collagen, neutrophils, neutrophilic dust, fibrin, and mucin present in the centers of the palisades of histiocytes throughout the dermis. Herein, we report the abrupt onset of PNGD in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Hailey-Hailey Disease Treated with Topical Tacalcitol

No abstract available.

A Case of Onychomycosis Caused by Candida guilliermondii / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A Case of Onychomycosis due to Hortaea werneckii / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A Clinical and Statistical Study of Cutaneous Malignant Tumors in Busan City and the Eastern Gyeongnam Province Over 15 Years (1996~2010) / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cutaneous malignant tumors, especially basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and malignant melanoma (MM), has continuously increased in Korea. However, there has been little research into the distribution and incidence of malignant skin tumors in the south-eastern part of Korea. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze recent trends in incidence and clinical patterns of cutaneous malignant tumors in Busan city and the eastern Gyeongnam Province. METHODS: We reviewed 714 cases of cutaneous malignant tumors that include BCC, SCC, and MM from January 1996 to December 2010 at the Department of Dermatology in Dong-A University Hospital. RESULTS: The average annual incidence of cutaneous malignant tumors among the total number of outpatients was 1.18% and has continuously increased from 0.63% to 1.91% over the last 15 years (1996~2010). In particular, the average annual incidence of BCC and SCC has markedly increased from 0.35% and 0.25% to 0.94% and 0.79%, respectively. The most common cutaneous malignant tumor was BCC (48.32%), followed by SCC (41.18%) and MM (10.50%). The mean age of onset in patients who had been diagnosed with cutaneous malignant tumors was 65.07 years (males: 62.04, females: 67.87). There was a similar incidence between males and females in cutaneous malignant tumors (1:1.08). The most common site of cutaneous malignant tumors was the face (66.25%); the cheek (34.04%) was the most preferential site on the face, followed by the nose (30.23%). CONCLUSION: The incidence of cutaneous malignant tumors has gradually increased in Busan city and the eastern Gyeongnam Province, which was relatively higher than the incidence in other areas. It was thought to be due to the higher proportion of the elderly than in other areas of the country and skin cancer centers in our hospital.

A Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (Other Generalized Type) / 대한피부과학회지

The other generalized type of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a genetic blistering skin disease, caused by a mutation of the genes encoding keratin 5 and 14. EBS starts at birth and is characterized by generalized blisters following a minor trauma that heals with hyperpigmentation. A 19-year-old man presented with 19-year history of multiple erythematous vesicles in a herpetiform arrangement on the trunk, axilla, and thigh with post-inflammatory hyper-pigmentations. On light and electron microscopy, the biopsy specimen showed intraepidermal blisters that formed within the basal keratinocyte. The serum from a patient with bullous pemphigoid antibody and laminin 5 antibody showed the linear deposition at the floor of the blister on immunofluorescence mapping study. On the basis of our clinical, microscopic, and immunofluorescence findings, we diagnosed the patient as having a generalized type of EBS. Herein, we report on an interesting case of the other generalized type of EBS.

White Piedra of Scalp Hair Caused by Trichosporon asahii / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

A Case of Kerion Celsi Caused by Microsporum gypseum / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Cyclosporine Stimulates the Expression of CDK4 through NFATc1 Suppression: Anagen Phase Hair Induction / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Hair growth is spontaneously activated from quiescent bulge stem cells or is activated from precocious anagen. Upon spontaneous activation of hair growth or activation induced by nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) inhibitors, NFATc1 expression is lost and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK4) repression is relieved. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of cyclosporine as a hair cycle regulator in the treatment of Alopecia areata (AA). METHODS: In this study, we planned to investigate the hair growing properties of cyclosporine in vitro conditions. Briefly, the effects of different concentrations of cyclosporine (200, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mmol) on the growth of cultured hair follicles were examined through the expression of NFATc1 and CDK4. RESULTS: NFATc1 was downregulated and CDK4 expression was upregulated especially in the bulge areas, outer root sheath and hair bulb matrix cells as the concentration of cyclosporine increased. CONCLUSION: Cyclosporine induces CDK4 expression by NFATc1 suppression, which acts to relieve repressed CDK4, resulting in hair growth. In conclusion, cyclosporine is one of the candidates as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of hair loss.

Lipoblastoma: A Rare Lesion in the Elderly / 대한피부과학회지

Lipoblastoma is a rare, benign tumor arising from embryonic fat tissues that continue to proliferate in the postnatal period. So, lipoblastoma occurs almost exclusively in infants and children younger than 3 years of age. Published reports showed that 70~90% of cases occur before the age of 3. Histopathologically, lipoblastoma, mimicking liposarcoma, was composed of well-defined lobulated fat tissue with multilobulated lipoblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, such as stellate or spindle cells and minimal myxoid stromas. The diagnosis of lipoblastoma is important because its management differs from that of lipoma and liposarcoma. To our knowledge, there are only a few reports of lipoblastoma in the Korean dermatologic literature. Herein, we present an interesting and atypical case of lipoblastoma in 68-year-old woman.

Dilated Pore Nevus / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Frequency of BRAF Mutation and Clinical Relevance for Primary Melanomas

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to clarify the frequency of the BRAF mutation in primary melanomas and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. METHODS: We analyzed the frequency of BRAF mutation in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (n=58) or non-cutaneous one (n=27) by performing dual priming oligonucleotide-based multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to isolate and to purify the DNA from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumors. RESULTS: The BRAF mutation was found in 17.2% (10/58) of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma and 11.1% (3/27) of those with non-cutaneous melanoma. The frequency of BRAF mutation was not correlated with any clinicopathologic parameters with the exception of the patient age. The frequency of the BRAF mutation was significantly higher in patients younger than 60 years as compared with those older than 60 years (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous reports, our results showed that the frequency of the BRAF mutation was relatively lower in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. Besides, our results also showed that the frequency of the BRAF mutation had an inverse correlation with the age. Further studies are warranted to exclude methodological bias, to elucidate the difference in the frequency of the BRAF mutation from the previous reports from a Caucasian population and to provide an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignant melanoma.

Frequency of BRAF Mutation and Clinical Relevance for Primary Melanomas

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to clarify the frequency of the BRAF mutation in primary melanomas and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. METHODS: We analyzed the frequency of BRAF mutation in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (n=58) or non-cutaneous one (n=27) by performing dual priming oligonucleotide-based multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to isolate and to purify the DNA from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumors. RESULTS: The BRAF mutation was found in 17.2% (10/58) of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma and 11.1% (3/27) of those with non-cutaneous melanoma. The frequency of BRAF mutation was not correlated with any clinicopathologic parameters with the exception of the patient age. The frequency of the BRAF mutation was significantly higher in patients younger than 60 years as compared with those older than 60 years (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous reports, our results showed that the frequency of the BRAF mutation was relatively lower in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. Besides, our results also showed that the frequency of the BRAF mutation had an inverse correlation with the age. Further studies are warranted to exclude methodological bias, to elucidate the difference in the frequency of the BRAF mutation from the previous reports from a Caucasian population and to provide an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignant melanoma.

The Expression of Cytokine and Chemokine Related with Dendritic Cell and Effector T Cell in Psoriatic Lesions / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are more observed in the psoriatic lesion. Inflammatory DCs stimulate T cell differentiation (Th1 or Th17 cells) by producing IL-12 and IL-23 in psoriasis. Th1 expresses CCR5, while CCR6 is expressed by Th17. CCL20, the ligand of CCR6, is expressed mostly in keratinocytes to play an important role in the migration of Th17 cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)beta inhibits the inflammatory cytokines and induces fibrosis. But, there are still controversies about the role of TGFbeta1 in psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to clarify the pathogenesis of psoriasis by comparing the expression patterns of CD11c/IL-23, CCR5/CCR6, CCR6/CCL20, CD11c, IFN-gamma, and TGFbeta1 among overall lesional assessment (OLA) 1, 3, 5, and the control group. METHODS: We performed CD11c/IL-23, CCR5/CCR6, CCR6/CCL20 double-immunofluorecence and immunohistochemistry of CD11c, IFN-gamma, and TGFbeta1 after classifying the severity of the lesion in 1, 3, 5 with OLA score. RESULTS: As OLA score increased, the infiltration of CD11c+IL-23+ cells, CCR5+ cells, and CCR6+ cells and the expression of CCL20 also showed a significant increase. While IFN-gamma+ cells also increased with the OLA score, TGFbeta1 showed positivity usually in the increased vascular endothelial cells and the number of TGFbeta1+ vascular endothelial cells increased with OLA score. CONCLUSION: From the results, the interaction among the dendritic cell-effector T cell, and cytokine derived from the cells, and chemokine/chemokine receptor was confirmed to be important in pathogenesis of psoriasis. It was also confirmed that TGFbeta1 is not only important at neoangiogenesis, but at inflammatory angiogenesis in psoriasis.

Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Review of Literature / 대한피부과학회지

Chilblain lupus erythematosus (LE) is a rare, chronic form of cutaneous LE (CLE), which presents mostly in women as erythematous to violaceous plaques on the acral areas and face, precipitated by cold and damp climates. It may be accompanied by discoid LE (DLE) lesions or other forms of CLE. Up to 20% of patients develop systemic LE (SLE). Although two missense mutations in TREX1, encoding the 3'-5' repair exonuclease 1, were described in familial chilblain LE, the pathogenesis of sporadic chilblain LE remains unknown. To our knowledge, there are a few reports of chilblain LE in the Korean dermatologic literature. Herein, we present a rare and interesting case of sporadic chilblain LE in 71-year-old man and review the Korean literatures.

A Case of Bullous Pemphigoid Associated with Prostate Adenocarcinoma / 대한피부과학회지

The presence of various cutaneous disorders may reflect the occult internal malignancy. Bullous pemphigoid (BP), a common autoimmune skin disease, is characterized by the presence of subepidermal blisters. The association of bullous pemphigoid with internal malignant neoplasm has occasionally been reported. However, the relationship of bullous pemphigoid and malignancy is still controversial; the evidence for this association is increasing. Here, we report a rare case of a bullous pemphigoid associated with prostate adenocarcinoma.

Atypical Junctional Melanocytic Hyperplasia with Intradermal Nevus / 대한피부과학회지

Atypical junctional melanocytic hyperplasia is a rare condition with unknown etiology. It is characterized by focal atypical melanocytic proliferation limited in the basal layer. Although this lesion is difficult to separate from melanoma in situ (MIS), it could be distinguished from MIS by the lack of several features, including lateral spread, upward epidermal migration, marked cytologic atypia, finely granular "smoky" melanin pigment, mitotic figures, and a subjacent host inflammatory response. In one study, atypical junctional melanocytic hyperplasia was found in 6.2% (25/400) of otherwise normal intradermal nevi. However, to our knowledge, no case of atypical junctional melanocytic hyperplasia with intradermal nevus has ever been published in Korean dermatologic literatures. Herein, we report a rare and interesting case of atypical junctional melanocytic hyperplasia with intradermal nevus.