RESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is nowadays one of the leading common causes of cancer death and mostly occurs in hepatitis B endemic areas.Typically,HCC patients presented late and only about 20% of the patients are amendable to surgical interventions.Surgical resection is the main curative treatment option.Nevertheless,the recurrence rate after potential curative liver resection is still very high.On the other hand,liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for early small HCC but its application is limited by the availability of liver grafts.Radiofrequency ablation is more commonly used in cirrhotic patients with small tumours who are not surgical candidates.Nowadays,transarterial chemoembolisation,drugeluting bead transarterial chemoembolisation and radioembolisation are the mainstay of treatments for the patients with intermediate HCC.Other systemic approaches,such as hormonal therapy,immunotherapy and chemotherapy have disappointing results.In particular,HCC is highly refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy.This is no convincing evidence thus far that systemic chemotherapy improves overall survival in advanced HCC patients.Recently,encouraging results have been shown in using sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC patients.Similar to sorafenib,other anti-angiogenic multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors,such as pazopanib,brivanib and axitinib also show promising activity in various stages of clinical trials.There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that may guide the rational use of sorafenib and other targeted agents in the era of personalised medicine.More importantly,the multidisciplinary model in managing HCC patients is the important key to the future success.
RESUMEN
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(TSCPC) for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.Methods TSCPC were performed in 23 eyes of 23 patients with medically and surgically uncontrolled glaucoma. The laser was operated with a power of 2～3W,duration of 1.5～2s and laser spots(18) were evenly placed 270 around the limbus except temporal. Followed for 3～24 months (average:11 months) . Results The mean intraocular pressure before and after treatment in 23 eyes were 6.10kPa±2.34kPa and 2.55kPa±1.22kPa respectively,which was statistically significant (P<0.01). IOP below 2.80kPa was obtained in 20 eyes (86.9%). At the time of last visit,the post-operative visual acuity was partly improved besides NLP.Conclusion Diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is effective in treating refractory glaucoma. Its advantages are low ratio of ocular hypotension,no atrophy of eyeball,no pain, acceptability,reoperation and therapeuty in clinic and so on.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the feasibility and indications of laparoscopic liver resection. Methods Five patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma in the left lateral lobe underwent laparoscopic liver resection from April 2002 to April 2003. The Endo-vascular GIA was employed to transect the liver parenchyma from the right side of the lesion. The resected liver tissues and tumor were removed via the prolonged incision. Results Laparoscopic hepatectomy was successfully accomplished in 3 cases, while conversions to open surgery were required in 2 cases because of severe hemorrhage or excessive thickness of resecting marge. There were no exudation or bile leakage on the cut surface of laparoscopic hepatectomy. The length of duration of laparoscopic hepatectomy ranged from 60 min to 90 min. The patients were dismissed 3～5 days after the surgery. No complications occurred. Conclusions Liver tumor in the left lateral lobe can be removed laparoscopically.