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Objective To systematically investigate the prognostic value of preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Medline,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM,VIP,and Wanfang Data were searched for studies assessing the association between preoperative PLR and prognosis of HCC published up to January 2017.Two reviewers independently screened the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data,and assessed methodological quality,and then a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.The chi-square test was used for the analysis of heterogeneity between studies.Results A total of 18 articles with 4193 patients were included.The meta-analysis showed that compared with those with low PLR,patients with high PLR had significantly lower overall survival (OS) rate (hazard ratio [HR] =1.74,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.42-2.14,P ＜ 0.001) and disease-free survival rate or relapse-free survival rate (HR =1.76,95％ CI:1.56-1.98,P ＜0.001).The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with high PLR had significantly shorter OS than those with low PLR,regardless of race (Asian or Caucasian),treatment method (surgery,chemotherapy,or multimodality therapy),sample size (≥200 or ＜ 200),cut-off value of PLR (≥ 150 or ＜ 150),and NOS score (≥7 or ＜ 7) (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High preoperative PLR is closely associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients,suggesting that PLR might be a prognostic factor in HCC patients.
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Objective To systematically investigate the prognostic value of preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Medline,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM,VIP,and Wanfang Data were searched for studies assessing the association between preoperative PLR and prognosis of HCC published up to January 2017.Two reviewers independently screened the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data,and assessed methodological quality,and then a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.The chi-square test was used for the analysis of heterogeneity between studies.Results A total of 18 articles with 4193 patients were included.The meta-analysis showed that compared with those with low PLR,patients with high PLR had significantly lower overall survival (OS) rate (hazard ratio [HR] =1.74,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.42-2.14,P ＜ 0.001) and disease-free survival rate or relapse-free survival rate (HR =1.76,95％ CI:1.56-1.98,P ＜0.001).The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with high PLR had significantly shorter OS than those with low PLR,regardless of race (Asian or Caucasian),treatment method (surgery,chemotherapy,or multimodality therapy),sample size (≥200 or ＜ 200),cut-off value of PLR (≥ 150 or ＜ 150),and NOS score (≥7 or ＜ 7) (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High preoperative PLR is closely associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients,suggesting that PLR might be a prognostic factor in HCC patients.
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Objective To study a histopathological classification system for hippocampal cell loss in patients suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Fifty-one surgically resected specimens were microscopically examined with respect to neuronal cell loss in hippocampal subfields CA1—CA4.Clinical data including age at first seizure,with or without initial precipitating injuries (IPIs),latecy,epilepsy duration,Engel score of half and one year after surgery were collected to analyse the clinical characteristics between different pathological types.Eight additional hippocampal specimens obtained from neurologically healthy autopsies served as controls.Results (1)Five distinct patterns were recognized within a consecutive cohort of anatomically well-preserved surgical specimens.Type 1 a (21/51,41.18 ％):severe cell loss in CA1 and moderate neuronal loss in all other subfields excluding CA2; Type 1b(18/51,35.2％):severe cell loss in all sectors; Type 2(9/51,17.65％):severe neuronal loss restricted to sector CA1 ;Type 3 (1/51,1.96％):severe neuronal loss restricted to the hilar region; no mesial temporal sclerosis (2/51,3.92％):a group comprised hippocampi with neuronal cell densities not significantly different from age matched autopsy controls.(2)The patients of type 1 a and 1 b had younger age of first onset,longer latency and duration,more frequency of IPIs,the proportion of ourrence of febrile seizures in type 1a was 10/19,type 1b was 7/16,type 2 was 4/7,type 3 was 0 (x2 =11.790,P =0.019).(3) The patients of type 1a and 1 b had better postsurgical outcome.Conclusion Type 1 is the most common type of mesial temporal sclerosis,which have better postsurgical outcome than the other 3 types.
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Objective To reveal the influential factors on scalp electroencephalogram (EEG)recording and provide valuable information for localization of the epileptic focus by analyzing the characteristics of spikes with continuous focal periodic discharges on scalp and cortical EEG. Methods Five patients with refractory epilepsy who had low amplitude spikes with continuous focal periodic discharges on interictal scalp EEG were studied. Intracranial EEG recording was also performed in patients. The amplitudes of spikes and cortical areas of spike-wave foci were measured by DaVinci system. Patterns of continuous periodic activity were determined by autocorrelograms,power spectral density and coherence analysis using Matlab and Spike2 software.T-test was employed to compare the mean amplitudes of spikes on the scalp and cortical EEG.Results The amplitudes of spikes recorded on scalp EEG of the 5 patients were:(22.2±4.8),(30.4±7.1),(20.7±3.2),(58.4±10.1),(23.4±3.9) μV.The amplitudes of spikes recorded on cortical EEG of the 5 patients were:(1253.8 ± 199.3),(806.5 ± 161.4),( 1585.7 ±305.7),(922.5 ± 140.6),(736.8 ±70.9) μV.The amplitudes of spikes on scalp EEG were significantly higher than those on cortical EEG ( t =6.394,P ＜ 0.05 ).The cortical areas of spike-wave foci of the 5 patients were:4.0,6.0,3.5,5.5,6.5 cm2.Power spectral density and autocorrelugrams showed 1-3 Hz oscillations on the cortical of spike-wave foci. Cross-correlation and coherence analysis showed synchronization of electrical activity in two contacts of intracranial electrodes. Conclusion The low amplitude spikes with continuous focal periodic discharges on interictal scalp EEG provide valuable information for localization of the epileptic focus.