RESUMEN
Introduction: Appropriate peritoneal fluid analysis is themost efficient and effective method of diagnosing the causeof peritoneal effusion. Both nonmalignant and malignantcauses of effusion can be identified by cytology in severalcases in correlation with clinical history and examination.With this basis, the present study on cytology of peritonealeffusion was taken up. Current research aimed to study thecytology of the peritoneal fluid in various diseases to establishclinicocytological correlation, for proper management ofpatient.Material and Methods: 115 samples of peritoneal fluidwere subjected to physical, biochemical and cytologicalexamination.Results: Peritoneal effusion was seen in 62.61% of femalesand 37.39% of males. 66.96% samples were transudative and33.04% were exudative. TLC was less than 500 cells/cu.mm inmost (74.02%) of transudative effusions. 47.36% of exudativeeffusion had TLC greater than 1000 cells/cu.mm and 39.47%of exudative effusion had TLC between 500-1000 cells/cumm. 95 (82.60%) samples had predominantly lymphocytes.18.26% of peritoneal effusions were positive for malignantcells. Most (85.71%) of malignant effusions were exudative.Primary site could be assessed by cytological examination in(57.14%) of malignant effusions.Conclusion: Cytological study of body effusions is neither ascreening test nor a method of early diagnosis of cancer. It isin fact a complete diagnostic modality which aims at pointingout the etiology of effusion as well as in certain cases a meansof prognostication of the disease process. Non malignantcauses are the more common causes of peritoneal effusion.Metastatic carcinomas are the most common tumors found ineffusions.
RESUMEN
Introduction: The prostate gland is a secondary sex, exocrineorgan that is an integral part of the human male reproductivesystem. There are three main diseases of the prostate:prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer.The new grading system for prostate cancer has obviousbenefits that is: it has more accurate grade stratification thanthe current Gleason system. PSA is serine protease producedby ductal and acinar epithelial cells of normal, hyperplastic,and malignant tissue of the prostate. To study morphologicfeatures of the benign and malignant lesions of prostate,histopathological correlation of benign and malignant lesionsof prostate with serum PSA level, compare new Gleasongrading system with old Gleason grading system.Material and Methods: All the needle biopsies and TURPspecimens submitted to the histopathology laboratory,Department of Pathology, Government medical college, Kotaduring the period from January 2014 to june 2016. We receivedtotal 445 prostate biopsies and TURP specimen from January2014 to June 2016 at our department of pathology, Govt.Medical College, Kota and were examined with haematoxylinand eosin and compare new gleason grading system with oldgleason grading system.Results: On histopathological examination of total 441cases, the majority of cases 323 (73.24%) were benign, 109(24.72%) cases were malignant and 9 (2.04%) cases were pureinflammatory lesions.Conclusion: We observed continuous and significant risingtrend of prostate malignancy from year 2014 to june 2016.Prostatic carcinoma is the malignant neoplasm of aging menmaximum number of prostatic carcinoma were found in agegroup 61-70 yr. Majority (14 cases; 12.84%) of carcinomaprostate cases were found to be associated with PSA level>100.0 ng/ml. In present study majority of cases had Gleasonscore 6 (48%) followed by Gleason score 7 (29%), Gleasonscore 8 (13%), Gleason score 5 (4%), Gleason score 9 (3%)and least one cases in Gleason score 2, 4 and PIN.