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To select 100 cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 with obesity and record various anthropometric measurements, relevant investigations and to find out whether there is any significant co-relationship between anthropometric measurements, ECG and 2D ECHO-DOPLLER abnormalities. Methods. In all selected cases detailed clinical workup was done. Various anthropometric measurements were taken and relevant investigations done. Cases were instructed to empty their bladder prior to anthropomorphic measurements. Results 12 male cases out of 30 showed ECG changes suggestive of myocardial infarction. In female cases, 22 out of 70 cases studied had ECG suggestive of MI; the differences of number of obese DM type 2 cases was possibly due to random selection 5 female cases with WHR <0.81 had ECG criteria suggestive of myocardial infarction.(6%) female case with WHR 0.81-0.85 had ECG suggestive of myocardial infarction. (34%) female cases with WHR>0.85(N=46) had ECG criteria (QS complex, ST elevation, ST depression T inversion in II.III,AVF ,T inversion in lead I,AVL, V5-V6)suggestive of myocardial infarction.(30%) female cases showed low voltage QRS complex. There was slight decrease in percentage of normal ECG with increases in WHR Conclusion: In obese DM type 2 female cases: there was significant correlationship between the different grade of WHR and LV dysfunction (systolic/diastolic or combined).In obese DM type 2 male cases: although there were abnormalities in ECG and 2D-ECHO DOPPLER study but statistically these were insignificant when correlated with BMI and WHR.
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Different Industries discharge effluent in different water bodies, which is the only reason of pollution. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the biodegradation and biosorption capacity of some potential cyanobacterial species; Phormidium mucicola and Anabaena aequalis in Textile and Pharmaceutical industries, Mandideep, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India. Industrial effluents are contaminated with heavy metal. The effluents were subjected to biological treatment using axenic cyanobacterial strains as batch system for 7 days. Removal efficiencies of the different contaminants were evaluated and compared. Results confirmed the high efficiencies of the investigated species for the removal of the target contaminants which were species and contaminant-dependent. BOD and COD recorded 91.18 and 82.54% as maximum removal efficiencies achieved by Anabaena aequalis. The highest removal efficiencies of the total suspended solids recorded 53.23% achieved by Phormidium mucicola, while 41.61% was recorded as the highest TDS. Concerning the contaminant metals, Phormidium mucicola showed the highest biosorption capacity where 86.12 and 94.63% removal efficiencies were achieved for Zn and Cu, respectively. In conclusion, results of the study confirmed the advantageous potential of using the tested cyanobacterial species for the bioremediation of industrial effluent and clearly showed the quality improvement of the discharged effluent which in turn will eliminate or at least minimize the expected deterioration of the receiving environment.
RESUMEN
Background: Puerperium is of 6 weeks after delivery, when body reverts back to its original non pregnant state. This period holds its own set of medical issues with frequent occurrence of gynaecological complaints like hematoma, bleeding, painful discharge and many medical issues like pyrexia, mastalgia, coagulation disorders and depression. The management of all these problems is further complicated by consideration of lactation which prohibits use of many drugs. There are many studies available in international communities that analysed women in puerperium but the data from Indian subpopulation where most deliveries are conducted in government funded institutes is lacking. The current study was an observational single center study carried out at gynaecology department along with medicine and surgery department of a tertiary care hospital associated with a medical teaching institute for defining the epidemiological parameters of the puerperal maladies.Methods: 150 randomly selected pregnant subjects with otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies, both booked at our institute or referred at the time of delivery between January to July 2016 were included in the study. Both normal vaginal or assisted deliveries were considered irrespective of booking status. Patient not willing for consent, and patients reporting beyond 2 weeks of delivery were excluded. All patients were observed while in hospital and weekly thereafter till 6th week and detailed gynaecological, medical and psychiatric evaluation was carried out by a multidisciplinary team. Detailed evaluation of cause was carried out in all cases of pyrexia, pain or other objective symptoms and analysis of depression was done. All data were collected and analysed by spss 22.0 at the end of 6 weeks.Results: Of the 150 patients studied, 40% had caesarean delivery while 60% had normal vaginal delivery with or without episiotomy. The most common complications noted during puerperium were wound discharge (10.67%), perineal pain (10%), fever (15%) and Mastalgia & Mastitis (13%). Depression was diagnosed in 6% of the studied cases. Cause of fever was mastitis/breast abscess in 30%, Urinary tract infection in 24%, Malaria in 7% and puerperal sepsis in 12% cases, in rest of the cases the cause of fever could not be found. The puerperal complication rate was more in LSCS 22.95% as compared with vaginal deliveries 14.6%.Conclusions: Puerperium remains an important aspect of pregnancy where the nature of complications differs totally from those seen during antenatal period. Our study suggests that most important complications in puerperium are purulent discharge, perineal pain and pyrexia. Depression is a frequent occurrence in post-partum period and its early identification can benefit both maternal and child health. Fever in puerperium is fairly common Perineal infection, Breast infection, Urinary tract infection and Malaria being common causes. A vigilant multidisciplinary approach is required to optimally manage all these complications.
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A thorough knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of an industrial waste is a crucial requirement for any attempt at chemical and/or biological treatment of the waste. Hence the present study was aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics and cyanobacterial study on different industrial effluents. In the present study, effluents from two different places, paper mill and pharmaceutical industries, were selected to determine the cyanobacterial biodiversity. It was revealed that the physicochemical characteristics of both effluents studied were more or less similar. Total 25 species of cyanobacteria were found to be distributed in two different effluents in which twenty two were found in paper mill and fourteen were in pharmaceutical industries. Some of the species of cyanobacteria like Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria curviceps, O. princeps, Phormidium ambiguum, P. corium and few more were recorded in both the effluent analyzed. The dominant genus was recorded to be Oscillatoria and among themselves its six species were recorded. The abundance of cyanobacteria in these effluents was due to favorable contents of organic matter, rich calcium and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates with less dissolved oxygen. Therefore, it can clearly stated that physicochemical characters together with biological monitoring of industrial effluents provided converging lines of evidences for evaluation of polluted habitats in this case as in some other studies reported by many researcher. This type of study would be valuable for future pollution abatement programmes.