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Tuina (Chinese massage) is an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a simple and inexpensive technique, and has shown effectiveness for muscle and bone diseases, visceral diseases, gynecological diseases, and common diseases in children. This paper aims to analyze the factors influencing the effects of Tuina. The factors included the aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, patient factors and doctor-patient communication. During the treatment of Tuina, doctors should carry out good doctor-patient communication, properly evaluate and exam patients, and clarify diagnosis, take appropriate Tuina techniques according to the patients' constitution, health condition, and comorbidity. Only in such way, could Tuina achieve effectiveness and safety.
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Based on the resutls of literature review and interviews of experts, two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted. The mean, importance ratio, coefficient of variation and coordination coefficient were used for assessment of survey from multiple perspectives, and finally form a framework model of factors affecting the efficacy of Tuina therapy. A total of 37 experts were selected for questionnaire surveys, the positive coefficients of experts' participatation in the first round and second round were 92.5% and 80.0%, respectively. The overall coordination coefficient in the second round is 0.68. The items were included into the consensus meeting if the importance ratio of items were equal to and more than 80%. After the expert consensus meeting, 22 items were included to form a framework model of factors affecting the efficacy of Tuina therapy, and summarized as 5 major influencing factors, including diagnostic factors, treatment factors, prognostic factors, patient factors, and doctor-patient communication. This framework can guide and help young Tuina practitioners to improve clinical efficacy. It is also clearly pointed out that the effect of Tuina for pain is not only related to disease diagnosis or manipulation, but also related to home exercise, health care, and doctor-patient communication.
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Objective:To evaluate the methodological quality and evidence quality of outcome of the systematic reviews/meta analyses on traditional exercise for the improvement of cardiopulmonary function.Methods:By searching for PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM databases in Chinese or English, the Systematic Reviews/meta analysis of traditional exercises for improving cardiopulmonary function was conducted. The retrieval time was March 8th, 2020. The AMSTAR 2 scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the systematic review/meta-analysis that met the inclusion criteria. Since the included studies cannot reflect the overall effect of traditional exercises on improving cardiopulmonary function, and the methodological quality of systematic reviews was generally low, a secondary analysis of the RCT studies included in the systematic reviews was conducted. The methodological quality evaluation of the original RCT study adopted the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook Version 5.0.0 bias risk assessment method (Risk of Bias, ROB), and applied the Revman 5.3 software to merge the original RCT data. The GRADE system was used for evidence evaluation.Results:A total of 32 systematic reviews/meta analysis were included, and the AMSTAR2 scale indicated that only one of the 32 systematic reviews/meta included was of high-quality, 1 was of low-quality, and the others were of extremely low quality. A total of 57 RCTs were included in the 32 systematic reviews for bias risk assessment and data consolidation. GRADE evidence quality evaluation showed that 14 evidences were of medium quality, 26 evidences were of low quality, and 5 evidences were of extremely low quality.Conclusions:Traditional exercises can improve cardiopulmonary function, but with low evidence quality. Thus, clinicians should make clinical decisions based on conditions.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) induced by hippocampal neuritis in intrauterine infected mice.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 female mice and 15 male mice were caged in a ratio of 2 ∶ 1.After that,the pregnant mice were divided into 2 groups.A mice model of intrauterine infection was established that intrauterine infection group (lipopolysaccharides,LPS group) induced by LPS at the concentration of 350 μg/kg and control group treated with same volume of saline (9 g/L).At 3 days postpartum,15 mice in each group were killed for hippocampus,and the protein levels of SHIP-1,nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) p65 and phosphorus NF-κB(NF-κBp) in the hippocampus of the newborn mice were detected by Western blott,while the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)were detected by using enzyme linked immunosoobent assay.When the remaining mice were 8 weeks old(10 in each group),Morris water maze experiments were performed respectively,which the mice were tested for evaluating learning and memory function by positioning navigation and space exploration experiments.Results The expression of SHIP-1 was significantly increased in control group (0.677 ± 0.074) compared with LPS group (0.317 ± 0.095,t =2.984,P =0.041),while the levels of NF-κB p65,and NF-κBp,were significantly lower in control group (0.630 ± 0.109,0.352 ± 0.084) than LPS group(0.630 ± 0.109,0.352 ± 0.084) (t =3.516,5.161,P =0.025,0.007).Moreover,LPS significantly enhanced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α [(5.875 ± 0.349) pg/mg,(14.256 ± 0.784)pg/mg] compared with control group[(1.621 ± 0.151) pg/mg,(3.984 ± 0.255) pg/mg],and the differences were significant(t =11.190,12.460,P=0.000,0.000).By the average Escape Latency tests for6 days,LPS group [at 1-6 days (58.286±1.418) s,(56.036 ±2.252) s,(55.071 ±1.856) s,(50.071 ±3.251) s,(52.893 ±2.372) s,(46.929 ±3.761) s] markedly impaired the learning capacity compared with the control group[(53.679 ±2.413) s,(47.571 ±3.529) s,(54.071 ±2.777) s,(47.250 ±2.864) s,(45.107 ±3.447) s,(42.393 ±3.463) s],and the difference was significant (F =4.466,P =0.001).Concurrently,in probe trains LPS group increased the time of in zone southeast latency to first [(44.080 ± 6.313) s] compared with the control group [(25.900 ± 6.033) s],while shortened the period of in zone platform duration and in zone SE duration [(0.000 ± 0.040) s,(4.000 ± 1.693) s],decreased the times of in zone SE frequency and in zone platform frequency[(0.100 ±0.100) times,(1.000 ±0.394)times] compared with the control group [(0.400 ± 0.202) s,(14.360 ± 5.000) s,(0.600 ± 0.267) times,(3.400 ±0.763) times] (t=2.082,1.746,1.962,2.794,1.756,P=0.026,0.049,0.033,0.006,0.048).Conclusion The expression of SHIP-1 in hippocampus of newborn mice with intrauterine infection is decreased,and the inhibitory effect of SHIP-1 on the expression of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines NF-κB,inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α is decreased,along with cognitive impairments.
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In order to form the expert consensus which researched on the comprehensive individualized protocol of Tuina therapy for Knee osteoarthritis, the preliminary protocol was summarized and formed by analyzing the interviews and published paper. And then the expert consensus method was applied for the protocols of Tuina therapy for KOA. After discussions, the consensus of three protocols according to the classification of KOA main symptomes was researched. In the protocols, 75％～80％ of the entries were considered as strong recommendation, and the others were weak recommended. Thus, it is believed that the comprehensive protocols for the treatment of KOA with different Tuina manipulations is feasible and reproducible after standardization.
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Objective@#To study the different expression of 4 microRNA (miRNA, miR) during the osteogenesis differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) cultured in high-fat or normal environment and to explore the relationship of these miRNAs with disheveled 2 during osteogenesis differentiation.@*Methods@#BMSC were cultured with 2 ml normal osteogenic induction (control group) and high-fat osteogenic induction (high-fat group) respectively. On the 3rd, 5th, 7th,14th, 21st day, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze expression levels of four miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-29c-3p, miR-138-5p and miR-351-5p), mRNA of disheveled 2, osteogenic related factors such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription gene 2 (Runx2). And the protein was detected by Western blotting. After BMSC were transfected by 50 μl 50 nmol/L miRNA mimics/inhibitors/negative controls respectively, BMSC were put on osteogenic induction, on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day, ALP activity was detected. On the 7th day, ALP staining was to observe the degree of osteogenesis differentiation, and Western blotting was adopted to analyze the expression of dishevelled 2 and other osteogenic related factors, while qPCR was used to analyze the expression of disheveled 2 mRNA. After 293T cells were co-transfected with disheveled 2 wild-type/mutant firefly luciferase reporter plasmid with either negative control (NC) or a mimic of these four miRNAs respectively for 48 h, luciferase activities were measured.@*Results@#On the 21th day, the expressions of miR-21-5p, miR-29c-3p, miR-138-5p and miR-351-5p in high-fat groups were higher by 20%, 60%, 340% and 4 420% respectively than those in control groups (P<0.05). The expression of ALP and Runx2 in BMSC decreased after BMSC transfected miR-21-5p and miR-29c-3p mimics, while increased after transfected miR-21-5p and miR-29c-3p inhibitors. The expression of disheveled 2 decreased by 35% after transfected by miR-29c-3p mimic, while it increased by 269% after transfected by miR-29c-3p inhibitor (P<0.05). Transfection of the miR-29c-3p mimics significantly decreased the luciferase activity of wild-type 3'-UTR compared with NC control (P<0.05). There were no statistical significances among other groups.@*Conclusions@#miRNAs had better expression during osteogenesis differentiation of BMSC in high-fat environment; miR-29c-3p could negatively regulate the osteogenesis differentiation of BMSC by targets on dishevelled 2.
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@#Objective To explore the changes of resting state default mode network (DMN) in patients with chronic pain caused by cervical spondylosis (CPCS). Methods 8 healthy controls and 10 patients accepted functional MRI scanning. Surface based DMN was extracted with independent component analysis (ICA). The functional connectivity of the components of DMN were discriminated with support vector machine (SVM) algorithm from the patients to the controls. Results The DMN connectivity was different in the patients from the controls in some of the component areas. Conclusion DMN of CPCS patients is disorder in multiple brain areas, which may be involved with dysfunction of perception processing, emotion and memory.
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Objective To explore the changes of resting state default mode network (DMN) in patients with chronic pain caused by cer-vical spondylosis (CPCS). Methods 8 healthy controls and 10 patients accepted functional MRI scanning. Surface based DMN was extract-ed with independent component analysis (ICA). The functional connectivity of the components of DMN were discriminated with support vector machine (SVM) algorithm from the patients to the controls. Results The DMN connectivity was different in the patients from the con-trols in some of the component areas. Conclusion DMN of CPCS patients is disorder in multiple brain areas, which may be involved with dysfunction of perception processing, emotion and memory.
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Objective To investigate the relationship among Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),CD4 positive cells and CD8 positive cells in gastric mucosa of the AIDS patients with gastritis.Methods Fiftyeight AIDS patients with upper abdominal pain were diagnosed with chronic gastritis through gastroscopy.The gastric biopsies from them were used for H.pylori detection with rapid urease test and Giemsa staining,pathology examination with HE staining,and immunohistochemistry analysis for CD4,CD8 positive cells in Gastric mucosa.And the application of flow cytometry was for the detection of peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes from the patients.Results H.pylori was positive in 26 cases,and negative was in 32 cases.CD8 cell expression in gastric mucosa of the AIDS patients with H.pylori positive was significantly higher than H.pylori negative patients(P＜0.05).There is no difference CD4 cell expression in gastric mucosa between the AIDS patients with H.pylori positive and H.pylori negative patients.Moreover,CD8 positive lymphocytes in gastric mucosa of those patients with H.pyloriinfection were significantly stronger than the CD4 positive lymphocytes.However,the peripheral blood CD4 lymphocytes from the patients with H.pylori infection were more than those from H.pylorinegative patients significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression level of CD8 cells in gastric mucosal tissues of AIDS patients with H.pylori infection were higher than those without H.pylori infection.The CD4 lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of the patients with H.pylori infection were more than those without H.pylori negative patients.
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Objective To explore renin expression in cytomegalovirus(CMV) infected juxtaglomerular cells(JG) and its biological significance. Methods JG model cell line As4.1 cells derived from kidney tissue were respectively incubated with murine CMV at multiplicities of infection(MOI) of 10, 0.1 and 0 for 5 d, and the control was mock infection with the same amount of ultraviolet inactive CMV as MOI 10, then the cells were harvested. CMV immediate early gene(IE1) mRNA in the cells was tested by RT-PCR. The renin positive cells and the renin fluorescence granules in the cells were examined by immunofluorescence stain. Whether or not re-nin antigen and CMV antigen were showed in the same cells by FITC and TRITC immunofluorescence. The renin gene expression in the cells was individually detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The cells infected by CMV showed typical cytopathic effect(CPE) and viral plaques in the cell monolayer. CMV IE1 mRNA was found in the viral infected cells by RT-PCR. The mass or ring granules of renin positive fluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm of the CPE cells. The renin positive cells congregated around the viral plaques. Renin positive granules and CMV positive granules showed in the same cells. Renin expression in the CMV infected cells exhibited in a dependent manner of ratio of infectious virus particles to cells. Conclusion CMV infection of the cells derived from kidney tissue induces renin expression related to a new pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.