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Background: Quality of Life (QOL) is an important indicator of treatment outcome for cancer therapies. QOL researches help us to explore about the impairment caused by treatment and disease on one’s social life, day to day activities and psychological conditions. The objective is to assess the health related QOL in patients suf-fering from oral cavity and throat cancer and to find out factors associated with QOL. Methodology: Facility based cross sectional study design with consecutive sampling was used to achieve a sample size of 90 patients with oral cavity and throat cancer. Result: 71(78.88%) of study participants were independent and 19(21.11%) were partially dependent, none were completely dependent. Majority of the study population perceived a poor overall QOL as revelled by the findings that only 24.4% had best scoring in overall QOL domain. Weak Positive Correlation (R2=0.224) was seen between physical and socio- emotional component of QOL (p value <0.001). Education and cancer site were significantly associated with physical component while employment and Activity of Daily Living were associated with social component of QOL. Conclusion: There is aneed to focus on ambulatory and vocational rehabilitation along with pain manage-ment for oral & throat CA patients as the study show an association of these factors with social component of QOL.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: It has been suggested that human errors during manual tracing of linear/angular cephalometric parameters can be eliminated by using computer-aided analysis. The landmarks, however, are located manually and the computer system completes the analysis. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence in the field of Dentistry, automatic location of the landmarks has become a promising tool in digital Orthodontics. Methods: Fifty pretreatment lateral cephalograms obtained from the Orthodontic department of SRM dental college (India) were used. Analysis were done by the same investigator using the following methods: WebCeph™, AutoCEPH© for Windows or manual tracing. Landmark identification was carried out automatically by Artificial Intelligence in WebCeph™ and with a mouse driven cursor in AutoCEPH©, and manually using acetate sheet and 0.3-mm pencil, ruler and a protractor. The mean differences of the cephalometric parameters obtained between the three methods were calculated using ANOVA with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine both reproducibility and agreement between linear and angular measurements obtained from the three methods and intrarater reliability of repeated measurements. ICC value of >0.75 indicated good agreement. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient between the three groups was >0.830, showing good level of agreement, and the value within each group was >0.950, indicating high intrarater reliability. Conclusion: Artificial Intelligence assisted software showed good agreement with AutoCEPH© and manual tracing for all the cephalometric measurements.
RESUMO Introdução: Tem sido sugerido que os erros humanos durante o traçado manual das medidas cefalométricas lineares/angulares podem ser eliminados usando a análise guiada por computador. Os pontos de referência, no entanto, são localizados manualmente e o sistema computadorizado completa a análise. Com o advento da Inteligência Artificial na Odontologia, a localização automática dos pontos de referência tornou-se uma ferramenta promissora na Ortodontia digital. Métodos: Cinquenta cefalogramas laterais pré-tratamento obtidos do departamento de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia SRM (Índia) foram usados. Todas as análises foram feitas pelo mesmo investigador, usando os seguintes métodos: WebCeph™, AutoCEPH© para Windows ou traçado manual. A identificação dos pontos foi realizada automaticamente por Inteligência Artificial no WebCeph™; com o cursor do mouse, no AutoCEPH©; e manualmente, utilizando folha de acetato e lápis 0,3 mm, régua e transferidor. As diferenças médias dos parâmetros cefalométricos entre os três métodos foram calculadas por ANOVA com significância estatística fixada em p<0,05. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) foi usado para determinar a reprodutibilidade e a concordância entre as medidas lineares e angulares obtidas pelos três métodos e a confiabilidade intraexaminador para medidas repetidas. O valor de ICC > 0,75 indicou boa concordância. Resultados: O ICC entre os três grupos foi >0,830, mostrando bom nível de concordância, e o valor dentro de cada grupo foi >0,950, indicando alta confiabilidade intra-avaliador. Conclusão: O software assistido por Inteligência Artificial mostrou boa concordância com o AutoCEPH© e o traçado manual para todas as medidas cefalométricas.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the stability and failure rate of surface-treated orthodontic mini-implants and determine whether they differ from those of non-surface-treated orthodontic mini-implants. Trial Design: Randomized clinical trial with a split-mouth study design. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai. Participants: Patients who required orthodontic mini-implants for anterior retraction in both arches. Methods: Self-drilling, tapered, titanium orthodontic mini-implants with and without surface treatment were placed in each patient following a split-mouth design. The maximum insertion and removal torques were measured for each implant using a digital torque driver. The failure rates were calculated for each type of mini-implant. Results: The mean maximum insertion torque was 17.9 ± 5.6 Ncm for surface-treated mini-implants and 16.4 ± 9.0 Ncm for non-surface-treated mini-implants. The mean maximum removal torque was 8.1 ± 2.9 Ncm for surface-treated mini-implants and 3.3 ± 1.9 Ncm for non-surface-treated mini-implants. Among the failed implants, 71.4% were non-surface-treated mini-implants and 28.6% were surface-treated mini-implants. Conclusion: The insertion torque and failure rate did not differ significantly between the groups, whereas the removal torque was significantly higher in the surface-treated group. Thus, surface treatment using sandblasting and acid etching may improve the secondary stability of self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry, India (ICMR NIMS). Registration number: CTRI/2019/10/021718
RESUMO Objetivos: Este ensaio clínico foi conduzido para avaliar a estabilidade e a taxa de falha de mini-implantes ortodônticos com superfície tratada, e determinar se elas diferem das dos mini-implantes ortodônticos sem superfície tratada. Desenho do estudo: Ensaio clínico randomizado com desenho de boca dividida. Instituição: Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai/India. Participantes: Pacientes que necessitavam de mini-implantes ortodônticos para retração anterior em ambas as arcadas. Métodos: Mini-implantes ortodônticos autoperfurantes, cônicos, de titânio com ou sem tratamento de superfície, foram colocados em cada paciente, seguindo um desenho de boca dividida. Os torques máximos de inserção e de remoção foram medidos para cada mini-implante, usando um torquímetro digital. As taxas de falha foram calculadas para cada tipo de mini-implante. Resultados: O valor médio do torque máximo de inserção foi de 17,9 ± 5,6 Ncm para mini-implantes com superfície tratada e 16,4 ± 9,0 Ncm para mini-implantes sem superfície tratada. O valor médio do torque máximo de remoção foi de 8,1 ± 2,9 Ncm para mini-implantes com superfície tratada e 3,3 ± 1,9 Ncm para mini-implantes sem superfície tratada. Entre os implantes que falharam, 71,4% eram mini-implantes sem superfície tratada e 28,6% eram mini-implantes com superfície tratada. Conclusão: O torque de inserção e a taxa de falha não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos; porém, o torque de remoção foi significativamente maior no grupo com superfície tratada. Assim, o tratamento de superfície com jateamento e condicionamento ácido pode melhorar a estabilidade secundária dos mini-implantes ortodônticos autoperfurantes. Registro do estudo: Esse estudo foi registrado no Clinical Trials Registry, Índia (ICMR NIMS). Número de registro: CTRI/2019/10/021718
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Background: Probiotics and synbiotics through its direct and indirect interactions interferes with biofilm formation, competes with oral microorganisms thereby creating better oral health. Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Probiotics and Synbiotics on inhibiting Streptococcus mutans level in saliva of children after 15 days of daily intake of probiotic and synbiotic curd. Methodology: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was planned. Salivary samples at baseline were collected from forty children in the age group of 6–12 years who were divided into two groups of 20 each to receive probiotic and synbiotic curd respectively for 15 days. Salivary samples were collected after intervention and S. mutans levels were estimated. Statistical Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Intra- and inter-group comparison of mean S. mutans levels for both the groups were done using the paired and unpaired t-test respectively. The statistical significance was set at P ? 0.05. Results: A statistically significant reduction in salivary S. mutans counts was observed in both the groups after 15 days (P < 0.001). A significantly higher inhibition of S. mutans growth was present in the probiotic compared to synbiotic group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Probiotics and Synbiotics were effective in inhibiting salivary S. mutans level of children. However, inhibition of S. mutans growth was found to be better in children who consumed Probiotic curd than the Synbiotic curd.
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Nanotechnology is widely used in day to day life including its use in medicine. Using nanotechnology it is easy to analyse the atoms , chemical bonds and molecules present between various compounds. Use of nanoparticles in the field of dentistry is called nano dentistry. Chemical, physical and biological aspects of nanoparticles should be taken into account while choosing nanoparticles for the use in the field of nano dentistry. Nanoparticles are used in innovations of dentistry. Nano materials can be used for preventing and curing oral diseases such as oral cancer and to maintain oral health care. This study aims at evaluating knowledge and awareness of nanoparticles incorporated in dental materials among undergraduate dental students. A questionnaire with a set of 9 questions to assess the students knowledge and awareness about nanoparticles incorporation in dental materials. The sample size of 99 participants of dental students of Saveetha Dental College were selected by a simple random sampling method. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire in an online site called survey planet. The results were collected and statistically analysed. Chi square test was done and it was found that 71% of the participants were aware about the use of nanoparticles in dental materials, even though it is statistically not significant (p value- 0.436), 73% of respondents were aware about nanoparticle incorporation in impression materials with p value 0.449 (not significant) and 72% were aware about use of nanomaterials in titanium implants(p value-0.340). Within the limitations of the study, it can be observed that the undergraduate students at the Faculty of Dentistry of Saveetha were well aware about the use of nanoparticles in dental materials
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge on the use of Botox injections in facial aesthetics among undergraduate dental students. Botulinum toxin is considered as a quick and effective non-surgical solution for enhancing physical appearance. Botox is considered as the best choice, as it is affordable and less radical than surgery. It is derived from gram-positive spore forming, clostridium botulinum. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate the awareness of dentists towards using botulinum toxins in facial aesthetics. The survey was conducted online via survey planet. There were about 103 study population, participated in this study. Data is collected using an online survey planet link and statistically analysed. 95.1% of participants reported that they have general knowledge on the Botox (95.1%). 66 % of respondents agreed that clostridium botulinum bacterium is the source of Botox. 24.51% of respondents stated that Botox was commonly used for wrinkle reduction and 96.1% were aware of the toxicity effect of Botox when it is administered in a high dosage. Association between response of the participants and knowledge on Botox was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). According to our study, the majority of students showed an acceptable level of knowledge and awareness on Botox and its use in facial aesthetics
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Beta-lactam antibiotic is the most common antibiotic prescribed by dental students. However, the actual knowledge on beta lactam is important as antimicrobial resistance is currently an alarming and growing phenomenon and in turn becoming a public health challenge. A survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness of beta-lactam antibiotics prescriptions among dental students in their third years, final years and interns. A total of 145 responses were obtained and the results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.Based on their knowledge on beta-lactam antibiotics, 59.3% of the participants knew exactly the mechanisms of action of beta-lactam antibiotic which was by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. In the case of penicillin allergy, 40% ofthe participants chose erythromycin as the alternative for penicillin allergy. 84% of the participants were aware that the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid may increase its effectiveness. Meanwhile, 98% of the participants were aware that amoxicillin is the drug of choice for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis. 72% of the participants were aware that most beta-lactam antibiotics are considered safe for pregnant and lactating women which was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, the students had quite a good knowledge and awareness regarding the prescription of beta-lactam antibiotics since they have been practicing under guidance from the practitioner in the college
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Background: Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers that contribute to 20%–40% of all cancer incidences in India. Indian patients with HNSCC are mostly associated with tobacco usage and may have different genetic alterations compared with Western patients who are mostly associated with human papillomavirus infection. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are correlated to individuals' susceptibility and progression of cancer. XRCC1 is a DNA repair enzyme. Materials and Methods: In the present prospective study, Indian population of HNSCC patients (n = 45) were screened for Arg399Gln variant of XRCC1 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, prospective evaluation of the patients was done after treatment, and the single-nucleotide polymorphism results were correlated to survival functions. Results: Out of 45 patients, 28 patients were Arg/Arg, 12 patients were Arg/Gln, and 5 patients were Gln/Gln. Overall survival for the entire cohort and Arg/Arg, Arg/Gln, and Gln/Gln cohort was 36.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33–39.5), 38.6 (95% CI: 35.3–41.9), 35.8 (95% CI: 28.6–42.9), and 26.4 (95% CI: 13.7–39.1) months (P = 0.097), respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) of the entire patient cohort and Arg/Arg, Arg/Gln, and Gln/Gln cohort was 35.2 (95% CI: 31.4–39.1), 38.2 (95% CI: 34.3–42.1), 32.7 (95% CI: 26.2–39.1), and 22.3 (95% CI: 9.4–35.3) (P = 0.061), respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that HNSCC patients with Gln substitution in place of Arg at position 399 (both homozygous and heterozygous) in XRCC1 protein have significantly inferior survival functions, higher recurrence rate, and events after radical treatment
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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies emerging from the canals of Hering to the CBD. CCA are rare tumours accounting for 3% of gastrointestinal tumours with an incidence of <2/100000, with an increased incidence in Asia. They present late and have a grave prognosis. The only curative option is surgical resection. The aim was to study the demographic and clinical spectrum of CCA with special emphasis on practicable diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies and their outcome at our rural tertiary setup.METHODSThis was a single centre observational study with a longitudinal design conducted over a period of 2 years. 30 patients presenting with features or diagnosis of CCA to the Department of General Surgery and the Department of Radiotherapy of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, were studied with special reference to treatment and outcome. Data was collected, compiled on Excel sheet and analysed using GraphPad QuickCalcs 2018 (San Diego, CA).RESULTSMean age of the patients was 52.36 years with a female: male ratio 1.5:1. They presented mainly with jaundice (90%), clay coloured stool (83.3%), pruritus (66.6%), anaemia (56.6%), abdominal lump (43.3%) and pain abdomen (33.6%) reflecting a late presentation. Diagnosis and staging were done by blood parameters and available imaging studies in our setup (abdominal ultrasound, CECT and MRCP). The most common type was Distal CCA (60%) followed by Perihilar CCA (33.3%) and Intra-hepatic CCA (6.6%). Pancreaticoduodenectomy was done in 26.6% of patients and resection with hepaticojejunostomy in 10% of patients; surgical biliary bypass in 20% of patients, chemotherapy in 6.6% and PTBD followed by chemotherapy in 36.6%. After 1 year 72.7% of those who underwent curative surgery were having disease free life and 26.3% of those who underwent palliative treatment were having improved quality of life.
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Pneumoperitoneum is abnormal presence of air or any other gas in the peritoneal cavity. This finding can be both benign or a sign of a grave underlying pathology and a wide spectrum of clinical conditions can attribute to the finding. Prompt clinical examination of a case of abdominal pain can identify findings of peritonitis. We are reporting an interesting case report about a patient of acute abdomen with pneumoperitoneum and peritonitis which was caused by spontaneous rupture of urinary bladder. A 36-year-old male, came with complaints of abdominal pain for one day, two episodes of non-bilious vomiting. He was a known case of neurogenic bladder on continuous bladder drainage. Systemic examination of the abdomen showed warmth, diffuse tenderness, guarding and absent bowel sounds. Bladder catheterisation showed clear urine. On investigation, He had pneumoperitoneum in chest X-ray and free fluid in ultrasonography. A clinical diagnosis of hollow viscus perforation was made and emergency laparotomy was done in view of signs of peritonitis. There was rupture of the dome of urinary bladder with necrosis of the bladder wall and extravasation of urine into the peritoneal cavity. This rare presentation should remind us to keep all the differential diagnoses in mind while opening a case of perforation peritonitis as timely intervention can well and truly be the difference between life and death.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes disability and death, accelerating the progression towards Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). TBI causes serious motor and cognitive impairments, as seen in PD that arise during the period of the initial insult. However, this has been understudied relative to TBI induced neuroinflammation, motor and cognitive decline that progress towards PD. Neuronal ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase- L1 (UCHL1) is a thiol protease that breaks down ubiquitinated proteins and its level represents the severity of TBI. Previously, we demonstrated the molecular action of glia maturation factor (GMF); a proinflammatory protein in mediating neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. Here, we show that the weight drop method induced TBI neuropathology using behavioral tests, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques on sections from wild type (WT) and GMF-deficient (GMF-KO) mice. Results reveal a significant improvement in substantia nigral tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression with motor behavioral performance in GMF-KO mice following TBI. In addition, a significant reduction in neuroinflammation was manifested, as shown by activation of nuclear factor-kB, reduced levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase- 2 expressions. Likewise, neurotrophins including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor were significantly improved in GMF-KO mice than WT 72 h post-TBI. Consistently, we found that TBI enhances GFAP and UCHL-1 expression and reduces the number of dopaminergic TH-positive neurons in WT compared to GMF-KO mice 72 h post-TBI. Interestingly, we observed a reduction of THpositive tanycytes in the median eminence of WT than GMF-KO mice. Overall, we found that absence of GMF significantly reversed these neuropathological events and improved behavioral outcome. This study provides evidence that PD-associated pathology progression can be initiated upon induction of TBI.
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Background: Cervical cancer, despite being a preventable disease, its screening and vaccination still remains poor in our country. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening and HPV vaccination.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among outpatients attending gynaecology OPD in GEM hospital and Research Centre, a tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu during the period of April 2019 to June 2019. A total of 500 women, aged 16 years and above were analyzed using a structured questionnaire with multiple choices regarding socio demographic profile, knowledge and awareness about the cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening method and HPV vaccination.Results: Only 16.6% knew that cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women. Majority (74.6%) of them were married, of which 36.2% were aware of Pap smear. Of those who were aware, only one third (12.6%) had their Pap smear done. The awareness of HPV vaccination was only 25% and 3.4% of them were vaccinated. 70.2% of the study participants were willing to be vaccinated after knowing about the vaccination.Conclusions: This study serves to highlight that, the majority of women lack knowledge and awareness concerning cervical cancer and its preventive aspects. This is a major hindrance among Indian women to undergo early screening and timely prevention. Hence creating public awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention is still a priority.
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INTRODUCTION: Community based programs can assist in early detection and improved survival of breast cancer. AIMS: To assess the feasibility and explore challenges of a district-wide door-to-door breast cancer screening program “ASWAS” conducted in Kannur district, Kerala, India from 2011 to 2014. METHODS: Aggregate data from survey records were collected in terms of the population screened, referred, diagnosed, and treated. Case records of breast cancer patients who were identified were reviewed and updated. In-depth interviews were conducted with program stakeholders. The contents of the interview were organized into a strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (SWOT) matrix to describe the screening program. RESULTS: A total of 1,049,410 eligible women above 30 years residing in 81 panchayats were visited door-to-door by 8,200 community volunteers; of them, 93% were screened using a symptom-risk factor checklist. Of those referred with symptoms (n = 5353), 81% attended the cancer camp. In total, 23 breast cancer cases were confirmed. 14 (61%) were in early stages, treated, and are disease free at 3-year follow-up. Those in the advanced stage and old age had poor outcomes. SWOT analysis identified political support, female volunteers, community engagement, dedicated fund for treatment, and teamwork as strengths. Weaknesses included poor healthcare access, maintaining volunteer motivation, and issues around sustainability. CONCLUSION: Community participation with the engagement of the health system and local self-government are required for implementing a comprehensive cancer screening strategy. Breast-cancer screening program using local volunteers for early detection is feasible in low-income settings, thereby improving survival.
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Hypoxia is a condition deprived of oxygen at tissue level, is known to be linked to oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Hippophae rhamnoides L., commonly called Seabuckthorn, being rich in flavonoids, is reported to reduce oxidative stress. It is hypothesized that aqueous extract of H. rhamnoides relieves adverse changes in rat heart induced by continuous sub-acute hypobaric hypoxia. Exposure to continuous hypobaric hypoxia for seven days resulted in elevated levels of malondialdehyde, decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities with concomitant increase in NFkB expression in rat heart. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL6 and TGFβ1, AKT and ERK were found to be decreased. The expression levels of JAK1 were reduced while STAT3 and STAT6 levels were found increased following hypoxia exposure. The treatment of rats with aqueous extract of H. rhamnoides significantly attenuated hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress, increased TNFα and IL6 and deactivated NFҡB activity. H. rhamnoides treatment augmented expressions of JAK1, AKT and ERK proteins. Overall, results of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of Hippophae rhamnoides helps in inducing tolerance to rat heart at extreme altitude faster by optimizing tissue oxidative stress, preventing inflammatory response and configuring JAK1/ERK/AKT and STAT3/STAT6, at least to certain extent.
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Primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) is a rare malignancy with an incidence of 0.14-1.8% of all genital malignancies. Presentations of fallopian tube cancer are mostly nonspecific and include abdominal pain, profuse watery or serosanguinous discharge. Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old patient with FIGO stage 1A PFTC. It was diagnosed as hematosalpinx intraoperatively, during total laparoscopic hysterectomy and diagnosed as PFTC on histopathology. Further management was by laparoscopic staging. A high index of suspicion is needed in peri and postmenopausal women who present with unexplained uterine bleeding, profuse discharge, pelvic pain, adnexal mass or abnormal pap smear.
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Migration of labor is a universal phenomenon. The most common reason for migration are the economic stability for better livelihood. However, the various demographic and social patterns along with the lack of awareness about the health-care facilities in the migrated place and poor economic security make them highly vulnerable to various diseases. Health and economic security of the migrants play crucial role not only in safeguarding the health of migrants but also in overall development of the country by increasing the productivity. With this, the study was conducted to assess the economic and health security of the migrants. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months from November to December 2018 in urban and rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Trichy among 51 migrant population using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The median monthly wages were found to be Rs. 10,000/month. With respect to the health and economic security, only about 13.7% of the study participants received medical allowances from their employers. 5.9% had job security and 27.5% excise travel allowances for their travel to native place. Conclusion: Although the average monthly income is good, the number of dependents is more and job security is poor. Since majority are not registered with L27district authorities and working in unorganized sector, the social and economic security is very uncertain increasing their risk for poor utilization of services.
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The paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of methods for evaluating the effectiveness and effect of unloader knee braces on the knee joint and discuss their limitations and future directions. Unloader braces are prescribed as a non-pharmacological conservative treatment option for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis to provide relief in terms of pain reduction, returning to regular physical activities, and enhancing the quality of life. Methods used to evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of these devices on patients' health are categorized into three broad categories (perception-, biochemical-, and morphology-based), depending upon the process and tools used. The main focus of these methods is on the short-term clinical outcome (pain or unloading efficiency). There is a significant technical, research, and clinical literature gap in understanding the short- and long-term consequences of these braces on the tissues in the knee joint, including the cartilage and ligaments. Future research directions may complement existing methods with advanced quantitative imaging (morphological, biochemical, and molecular) and numerical simulation are discussed as they offer potential in assessing long-term and post-bracing effects on the knee joint.
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Humanos , Tirantes , Cartílago , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento , Articulaciones , Articulación de la Rodilla , Rodilla , Ligamentos , Métodos , Actividad Motora , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Calidad de Vida , Literatura de Revisión como AsuntoRESUMEN
Benign conditions of the bladder such as cystitis cystica and Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) are chronic inflammatory lesions which are usually rare in incidence. Here, we report 2 case reports wherein both the patients were diagnosed as bladder endometriosis for which segmental resection and partial cystectomy were done by the minimally invasive approach. Post-operative pathological examination revealed the lesions as cystitis cystica in one case and XC in another. To the best of our knowledge, this case of cystitis cystica mimicking as the bladder endometriosis is the 2nd case reported in the literature and case of XC forming a tumorous lesion is the 29th to be reported in the world literature
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Background: Quantitative Cytomegalovirus (CMV) polymerase chain reactions are increasingly being used for monitoring CMV DNAemia in haematopoietic stem cell transplants and solid organ transplants. Objective: In this study, a commercial CMV viral load assay was compared with an in-house viral load assay. Materials and Methods: A total of 176 whole-blood samples were tested for CMV DNAemia using both assays. Results: Our evaluation showed a difference of 1 log10copies/ml between the two assay systems in determining CMV viral loads in the clinical samples. Conclusion: The in-house viral load assay had a better correlation with clinical findings compared to the commercial assay. Quality assessment of these assays was done by the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UKNEQAS), an external proficiency testing programme, and by the National Institute for Biological Standard and Control (NIBSC) standard. For UKNEQAS and NIBSC standards, the bias between the assays was 0.73 log10and 0.85 log10, respectively. This difference is well within the acceptable range already reported in the literature.
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Background: The incidence and prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease is increasing slowly. Peripheral Neuropathy among CKD patients is the most common neurological complication of uremia, but still it is an under estimated problem adversely affecting the patient’s quality of life. It is more often a silent burden for the patient, progressively affecting his/her quality of life. Hence, this study aimed at analyzing and elaborating the diverse manifestations of CKD and establish the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis in our Hospital. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study done on patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis at Government Vellore Medical college and Hospital for a duration of 6 months from July 2017 to December 2017. After obtaining informed consent, the participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were asked detailed history and clinical examination was performed according to the well-designed proforma cited below. The presence of neuropathy was assessed using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) Scores. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 47.87 years. Most of the patients belonged to the age group 40-70 years. Out of 60 cases, there were 35 (58.0%) males and 25 (42.0%) females. The Male to Female sex ratio was 1.38:1. The prevalence of clinical Uremic distal symmetrical sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy assessed by MNSI in the CKD on HD population was 71.66%. The smallest MNSI score obtained in the study population was 2 and the largest score was 7. Conclusion: Uremic neuropathy is the most common neurological complication in patients with uraemia. MNSI physical assessment could be used as a simple bed side examination to determine the presence or absence of uremic peripheral neuropathy