Evaluation of chronic hepatitis B infection in patients with seronegative HbsAg

It is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of HBV worldwide. Apparently 3% of Iranian populations are chronic carriers of this virus. We aimed to evaluate the viral DNA in biological fluids of chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group. The current case-control study was designed to evaluate the viral DNA in biological fluids of 70 chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group using ELISA, PCR and Real Time. All individuals [100%] in case group were HBsAg positive while in control group only 2 individuals [2.8%] were HBsAg positive. Three individuals, in control group were positive using PCR and Real Time PCR indicating that about 7% of those in control group were chronic carriers of HBV. The interesting point was the copy of viral DNA; [5.49 x104, 2.162x103and 7.26x106] for 3 chronic carriers using sera while it was about [5.71x103, 1.45x102 and 2.56x105] using ear cerumen confirming the necessity of investigating for the carriers of HBV in different biological fluid and by different methods. It can be concluded chronic carriers of hepatitis B are much more than what is diagnosed by routine diagnostic tests. On the other hand ELISA alone can not be relied on as a complete test for screening of chronic carriers in hepatitis B. PCR and Real Time PCR are more reliable tests for this purpose

[ assessing mental health in pregnancy and relative psychopathologic factors in Jahrom]

Many physiological and psychological changes occur in women during pregnancy and often delivery, after accompanied by pathologic changes. The present study aimed at surveying and assessing pregnant women's mental health during pregnancy and its refuted factors. This is a cross-sectional study, researching about 214 pregnant wormens mental health referring to the maternity clinics in jahrom. The data were corrected using random cluster sampling method The in strumpet of the study was a questionnaire containing demographic information and 90 sc190 questions used for delecting mental disorders. The data were an alyzed both descriptively and analytically using frequency and chi-squeal tests. There results revealed that the disorders with the highest frequency was depression [94%] and, anxiety [90%] and the lowest belonged to psychosis [54%]. It was shown that many of them suffered symptoms of disorder; about 43% of them. There was significant relasion shipe between demographic finding and total score mumber of patient [p<.05]. It can be said that mental health care during pregnancy is as important as physical care, that we need defined and identified suspicious mother and we need defined and identified suspicious mother and mental care to prevent such disorder

[Survey DMFT index in twelve year old children]

Introduction: One of the best ways to evaluate the activity and efficiency of a health care system is to assess WHO advised indices. In oral health systems, one of the most important of these indices is DMFT index

Objective: The aim of this research was to assess DMFT index in 12-year-old children in East of Gilan province in 2003

Materials and Methods: 855 students at age 12 were examined in three cities of Langrood, Lahijan and Siahkal, in this descriptive- analytic cross sectional study. Staged clustering randomly chose samples. Method of clinical examination was by Visual- tactile and questionnaire. Data about gender, parental education frequency of tooth brushing and number of children in the family was also recorded

Results: The mean DMFT index was 1.65, 1.49, and 1.60 respectively and about 33.3%, 39.3%, 34.4% of population was caries -free [DMFT=0]. There was a positive correlation between five and more children in the family, and more than 2 times of brushing each day with DMFT. The correlation between filling teeth and education was also significant

Conclusion: The study populations are grouped in low caries group according to WHO criteria in Iran as an Eastern Mediterranean region. More efforts are needed to attain DMFT =0 for 50% of 12 year old population

Improving diagnostic quality of darked extraoral radiographs by copper sulfate reducing agent

Because of over exposure or over development, occasionally radiographs will be darkened. For lightening and better diagnostic quality of radiographs, bleaching agents are used. One of the super proportional reducers is used in this research. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of reducing agent on diagnostic quality of extra oral darked radiograph. In this experiment, a human skull was used for radiographic examination. Two extraoral films were put in one casselle as double film. After exposure the two films were processed. One of the radiographs was used as control and the other film undergone bleaching procedure get light. The bleaching time was recorded, then films were washed in water. They were put in diluted developing solution [1/20 diluted]. The suitable color was selected by examiner. The time was recorded. Radiographs were washed in water, then they were put in diluted fixing solution [l/20 diluted]. They were washed and dried, and ready to interpret. 43 double film were used in this experiment. Radiologists and surgeon to evaluate diagnostic quality of definitive landmarks in sample and control films. They should give a grade from 1 to 5 for each chosen landmark on sample and control Radiographs. Grade 1 for the worst diagnostic quality. Grade 5 for the best diagnostic quality. The data were statistically studied to determine if there is a significant difference between the diagnostic quality of the control and sample film. According to wilcoxon test, there is meaningful different between the diagnostic quality of the controls and sample films. To improve diagnostic quality of extraoral darked radiographs we can use a super proportional reducing agent such as copper surface solution. This solution not only cause the reduction of density of darked radiographs but also it cause improvement of its diagnostic quality. The concentration of solution used for extraoral Radiograph is different from one that we use for intra oral radiograph