RESUMEN
Vocabulary assessment is one of the most important screening indexes and language evaluation. Receptive vocabulary has a strong correlation with verbal intelligence and it is a strong predictor of children future academic achievement specially in reading comprehension. The goal of the current study was to develop a picture receptive vocabulary test and to evaluate its validity and reliability for normal 30-71 months Persian children. The type of this study is test construction which was conducted in descriptive- analytic method. In this study, 91 normal Persian children aged between 30 and 71 months in 7 age groups, with a 6- month-age interval participated. For developing Persian picture receptive vocabulary test, words were extracted from books and dissertations which were related to our study, afterward one picture was selected for each word. In order to consider selected picture validity, test with a questionnaire was sent for professional speech and language pathologists. At the end, final edition of the test was administered to 7 age groups. Test retest reliability and correlation between A half and B half were calculated using Spearman Rank- order correlation. In order to consider the effect of age on total scores, Kruskal Wallis test was administered and to investigate the relation between gender and total scores independent sample t test was applied. The results of this study indicated that Persian picture receptive vocabulary test is valid and reliable. [CVI=1], test retest reliability=0.81 and split- half reliability =0.91 .This study provided evidence that there is a significant difference [p=0/000] between different age groups scores, and there is no significant difference [p=0.08] in total scores between genders. Persian picture receptive vocabulary test can show differences in vocabulary comprehension ability in the study age groups
RESUMEN
Stuttering is one of the most prevalent speech and language disorders. Etiology of stuttering has been surveyed from different aspects such as biological, developmental, environmental, emotional, learning and linguistic. Literature shows that word length and syllable structure as linguistic features may influence frequency of disfluency in this disorder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of non-word length and syllable structure on frequency of disfluency in adults with stuttering. This cross- sectional descriptive- analytic study was performed on 18 adults who stutter with the age ranged between 20 to 39 years. Disfluency frequency was evaluated by asking the subjects to read a list contained 24 non- words. The non-words were selected based on word length [two and five syllables] and syllable structure [simple and difficult]. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through paired t-test using SPSS statistical software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the frequency of disfluency in two and five syllable groups of non-words list [p=0.000]. There was a significant difference in the frequency of disfluency between simple and difficult syllable structure in two and five syllable groups of non- words list [p=0.000]. The findings of this study indicate that speech motor system performance in adults who stutter is affected by certain linguistic features such as word length and syllable structure