Experimental torsion of testis: histopathological changes in the contralateral testis of dogs

Seventy male dogs were used in this study. Testicular torsion was performed in 60 of them and maintained for 24 hours, then either detorsion or orchiectomy was done. Four weeks later, the histologic changes in the contralateral testis were compared with 10 dogs serving as controls. The dogs were categorized into 5 groups: Group I; control group [10 dogs], group II; detorsion group [15 dogs], group III; detorsion + cortisone therapy for 4 weeks [15 dogs], group IV; orchiectomy group [15 dogs], group V; orchiectomy + cortisone therapy for 4 weeks [15 dogs]. Testicular torsion was associated with decrease in the percentage of spermatogenesis and mean seminiferous tubular diameter and increase percentage of sperm abnormality. Histologically, there were degenerative changes in spermatogonial and Sertoli cells with infiltration of interstitial tissue by fibrous tissue and lymphocytes. Detorsion after 24 hours did not prevent the occurred damage. Orchiectomy after the same period minimized these changes. When cortisone was used [group III, V], the degenerative changes diminished. Accordingly, it could be recommended that the management of testicular torsion must include early detorsion and cortisone therapy. If the testis is badly damaged, orchiectomy should be done together with corticosteroid therapy for at least 4 weeks

Evaluation of arteriovenous fistula[AVF] by using doppler-sonography.

Dopplerosonography was used to evaluate the long term function of arteriovenous fistulas created in 60 patients with chronic renal failure. The fistulas were: 16 at the cubital fossa [side to side], 44 at the distal forearm [18 side to side, 18 end to side and 8 end to end], the diameter of the brachial artery feeding the fistula, ranged between 0.5- 0.8 mm. The flow volumes were calculated, they were 480, 310, 300, 140 ml/m respectively. Follow-up these patients showed that a mean flow volume between 300- 500 ml/m is quite enough for hemodialysis and flow volume less than 200 ml is insufficient for long term hemodialysis. Doppler sonograph is a simple, rapid and cheap method, and its use during creation of arterio-venous fistula can determine its efficiency in long term hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure

Bed side peritoneovenous shunt for relief of intractable ascites.

Bed side shunt was conducted in 84 patients for relief of massive refractory ascites secondary to bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. The median age was 46.3 years. After one week there were: significant improvement of symptoms in all patients, weight reduction by 9.5 Kgms, increased urinary output from 0.9 to 4.3 liters, and significant improvement of serum proteins and kidney functions. Side effects were detected in 18 patients [21.4%] pulmonary oedema [3.6%], fever [14.4%] and DIC syndrome [7.2%]. The DIC was in subclinical form and restored without specific therapy. We report the efficiency of this technique in such cases, it is: easy, simple, of low cost, with minimal morbidity and can be repeated after short time