Pattern of distribution of congenital anomalies in the newborn in damietta general hospital

the study was conducted at Damietta general hospital in the period from 1/ june / 2015 till 31/ may / 2016, 50 cases of neonates borne with dysmorphologic congenital anomalies and 50 control neonates were included in the study, Mothers of cases and controls were interviewed face to face, the pre-performed structured questionnaire was used, information were collected about families socio-demographic characteristics, life style, habits, history of chronic illnesses, long term medications, exposure to expected risk factors [ toxic substances, industrial hazards, environmental factors], consumption of certain foods, through general and systemic examination for included cases and controls, some investigations were done when needed. Results showed that the number of babies borne with dysmorphologic congenital anomalies in Damietta general hospital during the period from 1/ june/ 2015 till 30 may 2016 was 50 cases out of 1823 deliveries [ 1063 cesarean deliveries and 760 vaginal deliveries], this means that the pervalence rate was 2.7%

Systemic distribution of these anomalies was: digestive system anomalies 30% [the most common diagnosis among studies cases was tie tongue representing 28% of cases], musculosketal anomalies 20%, skin anomalies 14%, eye, ear, face and neck 10%, cardiovascular system anomalies 10%, genital organs anomalies 8%, cleft lip and palate 4%, chromosomal abnormalities 2%.the study showed that there is an increased risk of dysmorphologic congenital anomalies as: parental smoking [ active paternal and passive maternal] [OR=6.52], frozen food intake [OR=6.52], fast food intake [OR=3.08]

effect neurofeedback [nfb] on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [adhd]

Background: ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of childhood. NFB is a comprehensive training system that facilitates changes in brain waves. The aim of this study is to assess whether NFB can be considered a treatment modality for ADHD

Methods: The present study is a clinical trial randomized study that was conducted on 84 patients who were divided into two main groups group [A]: freshly diagnosed cases of ADHD patients who were only receving sessions of NFB. Group [B]: cases of ADHD patients who were receiving both NFB sessions and medications. All participants were treated with methylphenidate capsules with a total dose of 1mg/ kg/ day in the form of long acting capsules. The total dose was between 20-60 mg. compliance and side effects were recorded. Both groups received 20 sessions of NFB

Results: There was statistically significant improvement in both groups of neurofeedback therapy with a higher reduction rate in the group receiving combined treatment [neurofeedback and medications] in relation to children receiving neurofeedback therapy alone

Conclusion: NFB can be considered a treatment modality for improving the symptomatology in children with attention defecit hyperacitivity disorder

Trend of main psychiatric health problems among children and adolescent at different districts in Egypt

Background: Mental disorders and suicide can result from the interaction of mental disorders and other factors were the second leading cause of death among children aged [12-17] ys in 2010 at United States

Objective: To study the prevalence of main psychiatric health problems in Egyptian children and adolescents for early intervention to help raising the new generations in an appropriate way assuring building up healthy society

Methodology: First phase; a meta- analysis study data derived from Egyptian psychiatric informatics in children [EPIC], which were conducted from 1980 to 2005, including 57.802 subjects, studying the trend of mam psychiatric health problems among children and adolescent at different governorates. Second Phase; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders [ADHD] data are added to the data of EPIC regarding ADHD to study the prevalence of disease at different governorates

Results: The first phase includes 57.802 subjects from different governorates in Egypt. Among this group there are 38.731 subjects [67.0%], without psychiatric health problems and 19.071 subjects [33.0%], with psychiatric health problems, the trend of psychiatric health problems among children and adolescence at different periods. In general there was increase in psychiatric health problems prevalence among this age group and this difference statistically highly significant [P=0.0 001]. Also, the prevalence of main psychiatric health problems increase among those who lose their parent [81.5%] and [43.6%] on the other group and this difference was statistically highly saignificant [P=0.0 001]. Second phase, prevalence of ADHD at different governorates showed non- significant difference between all studied governorates [P=0.999]

Conclusion: About 33% of the studied group had main psychiatric health problems that showed increase by the time. A plan must be designed to overcome this problem which may lead to high morbidity and mortality among this important age group

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in young children after a mass hepatitis B vaccination program

hepatitis B [HB] virus infection represents a serious public health problem in many countries of the world, and Egypt was considered as one of the countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection. So the ministry of health and population conducted a mass hepatitis B vaccination program that began in 1992 to overcome this health problem. To evaluate the immune status of children born after the national HB vaccination program and to determine the relationship between the most common risk factors for HB infection and HB markers in incomplete vaccines. Three hundred children ranging in age from 12 months to 72 months were randomly recruited from 4 health offices: two from rural areas in Giza and two from urban areas in Cairo. They were tested for HB markers. The protection rate reached 98% among completely vaccinated children but it was 75.3% in incompletely vaccinated children [p< 0.001]. The infection rate was 4% among complete vaccines while it reached 6.3% among incomplete vaccines. Two percent of the completely vaccinated children and 6% of tile incomplete vaccines were carriers to HBV. This study indicates the efficacy of HBV vaccination. But to achieve maximum protection it is important to adhere to the complete vaccination schedule. A booster dose of HB vaccine is not needed six years after complete vaccination