RESUMEN
Objective: To determine prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), clinical risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women at Lumphun hospital. Study design: Retrospective descriptive study. Materials and methods: Part 1; Medical records of 637 women attending antenatal care at Lumphun hospital between July 2006 and May 2007 were reviewed. These were divided into 2 groups as with and without GDM according to individual risk factors, 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT) and 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Clinical risk factors and plasma glucose of GCT were compared between two groups. Part 2; 377 women who delivered during July 2006 to May 2007 were recruited and classified into 4 groups. Those without risk factors, those with risk factors and normal GCT, those with abnormal GCT and normal OGTT, and those with abnormal GCT and OGTT were defined as group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Pregnancy outcomes were compared among these groups. Results: Part1; The prevalence of GDM in Lumphun hospital is 1.5% (10 from 637 cases). False positive rate of GCT is high as 75% (31 from 41 cases). Pregnant women with GDM are more likely to have higher plasma glucose from GCT than those without GDM. If the result of GCT is higher than 180 mg/dL, risk of GDM is increased significantly (P-value 0.006) and pregnant women with GDM are more likely to be obese (P-value 0.047). Moreover, if the pregnant women had at least 3 risk factors, they are more likely to be GDM (P-value 0.003) Part2; When compared with group 1, risk of cesarean delivery, infant’s head circumference, maternal and neonatal complications are increased significantly in group 2, 3 and 4 pregnant women (P-value 0.015, 0.018, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Pregnancy with GCT higher than 180 mg/dL, obesity or has at least 3 risk factors has high possibility to be GDM. Moreover, pregnancy with glucose intolerance or GDM has increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.