RESUMEN
There are many advantages in breastfeeding of infants. The impact of fasting of breastfeeding mothers during Ramadan, on their exclusively breastfed infants' growth, is still unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of maternal Ramadan fasting on growth parameters of exclusively breastfed infants. This cohort study was conducted on 55 healthy, exclusively breastfed infants, aged 1 to 6 months, during Ramadan and three months after it. 20 infants, whose mothers fasted throughout Ramadan [case group] and 35 infants, whose mothers did not fast [control group], were enrolled in the study. All infants underwent periodic physical examinations, twice in Ramadan and 3 times in the first, second and the third months after Ramadan. The data analyses were done using a repeated measure analysis of variance. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package and repeated measures ANOVA. The average age was 3.43 +/- 1.38 months in the case group and 2.31 +/- 1.45 months in the control group that presence no significant difference between. From the total number of infants, 23 cases [41.8%] were males and the rest were females. All growth parameters increased during the study period [P<0.05], with the same rate of increase for both groups [P=0.125]. Ramadan fasting by breastfeeding mothers did not adversely affect the growth parameters of exclusively breastfed infants in short-term
RESUMEN
Anti-inflammatory drugs are used for reducing the pain after surgery especially in minor surgery and local anesthesia drugs, especially Markain, is also employed. Regarding performing little studies about the comparison of these two kinds of drugs, this study was done for comparison two methods. This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was done on 198 patients with inguinal hernia. Patients were divided into case group [intra wound Markain] and control group [the suppository of naproxen]. Surgery was done with standard method [Liechtenstein] and the severity of pain was assessed by the visual analogue scale [VAS] in one, six and 24 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed by SPSS- ver16 software. Mean age in case group were 52.6 +/- 5.7 years and in control group were 53.7 +/- 4.9 years. Mean pain intensity in the first and 6[th] hours in case group were 6.3 and 4.6 and in control group were 3.9 and 2.9, respectively [P<0.001]. The pain immediately and 24 hours after surgery were similar in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Need to opioid analgesics was further reduced in the naproxen group one and six hours after surgery. Although both methods were effective in reducing postoperative pain and less expensive, but naproxen suppositories was more effective pain reliever for optimal pain control, especially in the first and six hours after surgery and is more effective in reducing pain intensity than Markain. Naproxen also reduces the need to deal with housing has been opioid analgesics