Predictors and Outcome of in-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients in Emergency Department Suez Canal University Hospitals

Background: In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is defined as cessation of cardiac activity, confirmed by the absence of signs of circulation, in a hospitalized patient who had a pulse at the time of admission. The purpose of the present study was to record the definitive predictors of IHCA, focusing on the relation between cause and outcome as well as the influence of location on survival. Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study (cross sectional) was carried out in Emergency Department at Suez Canal University Hospital and included 223 patients experiencing IHCA at the Emergency Department (ED). Results: Our study showed return of spontanous circulation (ROSC) rate of 27.4%, which is lower than those reported in other studies from the region. In our study, we found that the overall mean duration for comprehensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was 21 min (SD ± 10).We found that Pulse, RR, BP, Witnessed and advanced life support (ALS) interventions at time of event were significant positive predictors to ROSC with patients while age, modified early warning score (MEWS), Interval between collapse to start CPR and CPR duration were negative predictors to cognitive impairment with diabetic patients. Conclusions: IHCA can be predicted using different variable related to patients vital data, laboratories, radiological investigations and patient demographic data which helps in predicting and modifying the outcome in limited situations.

The Role of Fish Oil and Evening Primrose Oil against the Toxicity of Fenitrothion Pesticide in Male Rats

Pollutants in the environment and exposure to them lead to medical ailments around the world. The present studyaimed to evaluate the protective effect of evening primrose oil and fish oil against fenitrothion pesticide-inducedtoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 150-220 g, were randomly distributed into seven groups, the firstserved as control. The second group received fenitrothion, the third and fourth groups were supplemented withfish oil and evening primrose oil, respectively. Rats of group five were exposed to fish oil and fenitrothion. Thesixth group was exposed to evening primrose oil and fenitrothion. Rats of the seventh group were exposed to fishoil and evening primrose oil and fenitrothion. The results showed that the activities of serum alanineaminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and the levels of bilirubin (BIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU),cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-densitylipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-c), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were noticeably increased in ratsadministered fenitrothion. However, the level of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) andglutathione (GSH) were markedly decreased. It was found that fish oil and evening primrose oil decreased thephysiological unsettling influences initiated by fenitrothion. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of these oilssupported the bioactive roles of its defensive impacts on fenitrothion toxicity. Finally, the present findings suggestthat these oils may be utilized as preventive components against the toxicity of fenitrothion because of theirantioxidant properties.

Genetic detection and characterization of organisms causing bacterial meningitis in Mansoura university children's hospital [MUCH]

Bacterial meningitis [BM] is a life threatening infection caused by bacterial invasion of the meninges. It remains a major cause of mortality and has a case fatality rate of 10-30%. Despite the availability of potent newer antibiotics, the mortality rate due to acute bacterial meningitis remains significantly high in Egypt and other developing countries, ranging from 16-32%. There is a need for a periodic review of bacterial meningitis worldwide, since the pathogens responsible for the infection vary with time, geography and patient age. Polymerase chain reaction [PCR] is useful for rapid microbial detection in body fluids with low microbial load it is easier to use universal or broad range primers for the amplification of conserved stretches of DNA common to all bacteria like 16S rRNA gene, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] of PCR products which lead up fast and sensitive determination. Thirty CSF samples were collected during the study period from patients suspected of having meningitis. All samples were subjected to the conventional methods of pathogen identification. An aliquot [200 ?/] was processed/or DNA extraction, PCR and the PCR product was digested with Haelll. Out of 30 clinically BM cases, 17 yielded growth on CSF culture and 13[43.3%] didn't. All the 17[56.7%] CSF samples were positive by both culture and BBR-PCR. Twenty seven [90%] cases of all CSF samples showed evidence of bacterial presence by PCR and 3 [10%] were negative. Of these, 17 [5 6. 7%] yielded a growth on culture and 10[33.3%] didn't. Three [10%] cases were negative by both culture and PCR. The sensitivity of CSF culture was 63% and the specificity was 100%. Both sensitivity and specificity of universal PCR for detection of BM pathogens were 100%