RESUMEN
Health care-associated infections are an important cause of Original Article morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Reports have shown that nurses' uniforms are sources of health care-associated infection transmission. The present study assessed the rate of bacterial contamination of healthcare worker's white coats in two tertiary hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. 300 healthcare workers participated in the study from July to October 2011. Samples were obtained with a sterile swab from the outer surfaces of three sites of the white coat including the cuff, pocket mouth of the dominant hand and abdominal region. The samples were examined according to standard procedures. Results: Overall, 1220 microorganisms belonging to 13 different genera were isolated from a total of 900 samples. All 300 white coats were contaminated by bacteria of which 282 [94%] were pathogenic. The abdominal region had significantly higher number of isolates than the pocket and sleeve [p = 0.02]. The white coats of [cardiac surgery ICU] and [surgery ward] had the mean highest number of isolates. Gram-positive Bacilli [36.1%] were the most common isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus [28%] and coagulase-negative Staphylococci [24.8%]. Health care workers' white coats are contaminated with a variety of bacteria. In order to reduce cross contamination from white coats to patients, re-educational programs and stricter rules of laundering and changing white coats are suggested
RESUMEN
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] is the one of most commonly isolated organisms from clinical samples which can cause life-threatening infections. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance makes the treatment of these infections more complicated. In this study, we aimed to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance among MRSA isolates from Tehran, Iran. From December 2012 to April 2014, 120 clinical samples were collected. MRSA was identified by cefoxitin disc diffusion. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on MRSA isolates for eight other antibiotics by disc diffusion method according to CLSI [2013] recommendations. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] was determined for vancomycin by MIC test strips. According to disc diffusion, 60 [50%] isolates showed resistance to cefoxitin. Among these isolates, the rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, doxycycline, trimethoprim, erythromycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin were 0%, 0%, 0%, 28.3%, 28.3%, 58.3%, 63.3%, and 70%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin according to disc diffusion and MIC. Compared to other reports from Iran, our study indicated a moderate rate for MRSA. However, the rates of resistance to generally prescribed antibiotics in these isolates were high. In this situation, it is recommended to monitor the antibiotic resistance in these hospitals
RESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen worldwide. Vancomycin has been used for decades to treat multidrug resistant S. aureus. Ten years has passed since the first report of vancomycin resistant S. aureus [VRSA]. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the total number of VRSA isolates that have been reported from Iran. Search terms reflected [Iran], [vancomycin] and [SI aureus] were searched in the ISI web of knowledge, PubMed, SciVerse, and Google scholar. Also two Persian scientific databases and 13 recent national congresses were investigated. Articles / abstracts working on S. aureus in Iran, evaluating vancomycin MIC and / or PCR of vanA/B were included in this systematic review. Out of the 3484 records found in mentioned resources, 13 related studies were included in the final analysis. The result showed that at least 24 VRSA isolates which have been reported from Iran up to September 2012. It seems that many Iranian researchers did not follow a spe-cific guideline for reporting and confirming VRSA. Establishing an Iranian reference center where studies on VRSA can be registered, evaluat-ed and confirmed is strongly recommended