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AIM To investigate the effects of ethyl acetate extract from Huangqi Injection (HQIEACE) on leucopenia mice.METHODS An experimental mouse model of leucopenia was induced by cyclophosphamide.NMR based metabolomic profiling technique coupled with multivariate statistical method was used for performing metabolomic analysis.RESULTS HQIEACE could elevate the levels of white blood cell,monocytes,neutrophils and lymphocyte in modeled mice.The levels of ten potential endogenous metabolites (lipid,leucine,3-D-hydroxybutyrate,lactate,alanine,pyruvate,creatine,scyllo-inositol,betaine and glucose) were reversed.CONCLUSION The metabolic pathways related to the pharmacological effects of HQIEACE on leucopenia are probably involved in body energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism,oxidative stress and choline metabolism.
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Unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer carries a poor prognosis,and systemic therapy with cytotoxic agents provides marginal benefit. Even the first-line chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine(GEM) has a modest survival benefit,and objective tumor response is rarely achieved. Combination of various cytotoxics did not produce a significant improvement either. For that reason,continuous search for better molecules targeted agents and/or combinations is inevitable. Erlotinib, an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, is the first of these targeted which compounds to be approved for use in combination with gemcimbine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. GEM with other targeted agents,including monoclonal antibodies: cetuximab or bevacizumab,also has been extensively evaluated,with limited success to date. Future research should continue to unravel the mechanism of pancreatic carcinogenesis and to identify key relevant molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
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It is well appreciated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most challenging malignancies of worldwide importance. HCC is a disease that requires multidisciplinary management. There has been no widely accepted standardard systemic therapy for this disease until recently. However, with the arrival of newly developed, molecularly targeted agents, there has been renewed interest in developing novel systemic therapy in HCC. For this review, the authors concisely summarized the current status of molecular targeted agents: muhikinase inhibitor, antiangiogenesis and anti-EGFR agents, which are under clinical development, focus on new agents with promise, particularly sorafenib, a drug that appear to be the new standard of care for advanced HCC.
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Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is currently one of the treatment-resistant malignamcies. However, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying RCC development has led to the identification of promising targets for novel therapeutic agents. In Clinical studies, sunitinib and sorafenib have shown significant activity with manageable toxicity in the treatment of advanced or metastatic RCC. Both are oral agents which belong to a class of multitarget drugs called kinase inhibitor that inhibit the VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and C-KIT receptor tyrosine kinase, which have been rapidly approved in the second-line and will soon be used as first-line therapy for RCC. Further studies with sunitinib or sorafenib as monotherapy and combination regimens in the treatment of RCC are warranted.
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This article reviews the proteasomes inhibition is a novel approach to cancer therapy. Bortezomib (velcade) is the first proteasomes inhibitor, it was effective in this class to be approved for clinical use. Phase I clinical trials established an optimal dosing strategy and demonstrated a manageable toxicity profile. Two phase II trial, SUMMIT and CREST demonstrated the safety and efficacy of bortezomib for patients with relapsed and/or refractory myeloma. The phase III APEX trial comparing bortezomib with high-dose dexamethasone demonstrated that bortezomib had an improved response rate, duration of remission and overall survival advantage in the setting of relapsed disease. These findings have led investigators to study bortezomib combination with conventional chemotherapy and other novel agents. Results of ongoing trial with bortezomib in the first-line treatment of myeloma have been extremely encouraging. Further studies with bortezomib as monotherapy and combination regimens in the treatment of hematologic and solid malignancies are warranted.
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This article reviews the role of bevacizumab (BV) and cetuximab (C225) in the treatment of the patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC). The molecules targeting agents BV and C225 are being specifically blocking biological response of VEGF and EGFR. The clinical application of these agents for CRC is effective and well tolerated. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, it primarily inhibits tumor growth rather than regression. The combination of targeted agents (BV and C225) with cytotoxic agents holds the promise of enhanced chemotherapy benefits, prolonged survival and improved quality of life for patients with CRC