expressions of AMACR and iNOS in prostate adenocarcinomas

Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. The localized disease often responds to conventional therapies like androgen ablation via castration and/or administration of chemical inhibitors but advanced disease resistant to any curative therapies is still challenge for investigators. There are increasing efforts to enhance the possibility of finding positive and sensitive immune markers for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of AMACR and iNOS in prostate adenocarcinomas with different histopathologic grade

Methodology: We applied immunohistochemical markers; AMACR and iNOS. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 64 prostate needle biopsy specimens diagnosed as prostate adenocarcinoma between 2005-2010 years were included in the study

Results: AMACR expression were found in 58 [90.6%] and iNOS expression in 54 [84.4%] of 64 prostate adenocarcinomas. No significant relationship of AMACR and iNOS was obtained [p > 0.05]. There was no significant correlation of histopathologic grade of the tumors with AMACR and iNOS expression [p > 0.05]

Conclusions: The expression of AMACR and iNOS might be important diagnostic immune markers for prostate adenocarcinomas especially in needle biopsies where the quantity and quality of tissue are limited

The Co-Existence of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus, Ulcerated Calcinosis Cutis, and Dermatomyositis: Coincidence or Immunological Mechanism?

Calcinosis cutis is a condition characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and patients suffering from it encounter various connective tissue disorders, such as dermatomyositis (DM), scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Although calcinosis cutis is frequently accompanied by juvenile dermatomyositis, rare cases have been reported in adult patients with DM. On the other hand, lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucosal surfaces. In the present report, we present a rare case of a 71-year-old patient with DM accompanied by ulcerated calcinosis cutis and vulvar LS.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and its relation to histological grade, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase-2, CD-34, Caspase-3, and CD8 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

To assess by immunohistochemistry the cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] expression in invasive ductal carcinoma and its possible correlation with the histological grade, inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], matrix metalloproteinase-2 [MMP2], and other common immunohistochemical parameters [CD-34, Caspase-3, and CD8]. This was a retrospective pathology archive study including 50 female patients and was performed in Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, and Sutcu Imam University, Kahraman Maras, Turkey. The routine hematoxylin-eosin staining and COX-2, iNOS, MMP-2, CD-34, CASP-3, and CD8 immunoperoxidase techniques were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues. The mean value of COX-2 was 274.02 +/- 54.49 and MMP-2 was 263.42 +/- 54.30, whereas the mean iNOS values were 258.10 +/- 56.05. CD-34 staining also yielded positive results as 26.18 +/- 8.00. The mean value of CASP-3 was 284.06 +/- 41.2 and CD8 was 164.17 +/- 69.5. This reveals an inverse correlation between CASP-S reactivity and CD8 [Spearman correlation [r]= -0.33, p=0.01]. There was also an inverse correlation between iNOS reactivity and patients age [r = -0.29, p=0.013]. There was a positive correlation with COX-2 and MMP-2 [p=0.00], but there was no relation with COX-2 and other parameters. COX-2 expression is an important parameter for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We found a positive correlation between COX-2 and MMP-2, whereas, we could not show direct correlation between COX-2 and iNOS, CD-34, CASP-3, and CD8