RESUMEN
Gastric cancer [GC] is the fourth most common disease worldwide and approximately one million people are diagnosed as having gastric adenocarcinoma. Each year, nearly 700,000 people lose their lives because of GC. Several altered molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of GC, which can be targeted by specific monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]. In recent years, the use of mAbs has provided considerable success in the treatment of cancer. Such mAbs are laboratory-produced molecules that incur changes to precisely bind to specific sites. These drugs are similar to naturally produced antibodies as part of our immune system's response. They play an important role in the treatment of many diseases, such as the different types of cancer. In cancer therapy, bispecific antibodies are used for targeting immune effector cells to destruct tumor cells [cancer immunotherapy] or neutralize two different pathways through inactivation on the level of either receptors or ligands. It seems that the development of this type of therapeutic agents to effectively treat a variety of cancers such as GC, is inevitable. The aim of the present study was to describe molecular-targeted therapy by using new-generation mAbs and inhibitors for the treatment of GC
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Terapia Molecular DirigidaRESUMEN
Background: CagA, a 120- to 145-kD Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] protein, increases the risk of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer [GC]. The pathogenic CagA contains a highly polymorphic Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala [EPIYA] repeat region in the C-terminal portion of the protein. The aim of this study was to determine the number and type of EPIYA [glutamine-proline-isoleucine-tyrosine-alanine] motifs within the cagA 3' variable region among H. pylori isolates and their association with GC.
Materials and methods: The total number of 206 individuals [170 controls and 36 patients with GC] referring to the endoscopy units of several cities in Iran [2008-2014] were recruited. The polymerase chain reaction [PCR] amplification was performed to determine the presence of H. pylori, cagA gene, and EPIYA motifs.
Results: In this study, 81 [47.6 percent] and 22 [61.1 percent] of the controls and patients with GC were carriers of cagA+ strains, respectively. The overall frequency of EPIYA-AB, EPIYA-ABC, EPIYA-ABCC, and EPIYA-ABCCC in patients with GC were 0 percent, 59 percent, 9 percent, and 31.8 percent, respectively. The results of regression analysis showed a significant association between EPIYA-ABCCC motif and the risk of GC [OR = 9.99 [95 percentCI: 2.17-45.88], p = 0.003].
Conclusion: We propose that patients infected with H. pylori strains harboring more than one CagA EPIYA C motif [EPIYA-ABCCC] have an increased risk of GC, thus, testing for this genotype may have clinical usefulness
RESUMEN
Gastric cancer [GC] is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs [LncRNAs], a small class of molecules that are transcribed as non-coding RNAs with lengths ranging from [200 nt to 100 kb have no protein coding capacity. Ectopic expression of LncRNAs, plays an important role in the development of GC. These molecules are involved in physiological cellular processes such as genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, maintenance of pluripotency and organogenesis through making changes in chromatin, transcription, translation, and processing. It has been known that LncRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Some studies show that LncRNAs could interact with miRNA and block miRNA access to their mRNA targets. Recent studies have shown that LncRNAs involve in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and differentiation, and apoptosis. They can be used as novel biomarkers for the early detection of GC as well as therapeutic targets. In this study we aimed to describe the latest findings about the role of LncRNAs in the development of GC