Independent Living: A Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of People with Mental Illness / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#This study is to understand the experiences of people with serious mental illness following adjustment to independent living. @*Methods@#Aphenomenological research approach was used. Research participants were recruited from community psychiatric rehabilitation centers where they received the support for successfully independent living in the community. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 20 research participants from September 2019 to August 2021. The collected data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method previously described by Giorgi. @*Results@#Four major themes emerged from our analysis: (1) feeling free in everyday life changed when they started living independently; (2) being the owner of my life; (3) feeling surrounded by barriers at the start of independent living; and (4) required efforts and support for fully living independently. @*Conclusion@#Our study findings encourage fundamental understanding of benefits and difficulties in adjusting to independent living and the adjustment process among people with serious mental illness through in-depth analysis of their experiences. It is necessary to conduct further studies to develop interventions to support people with serious mental illness once they start living independently and instruments to measure their independence.

Development of Reinforcement of Resilience and Relation Program for New Nurses / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to develop a program for reinforcing the resilience of new nurses and relation-oriented organizational culture. @*Methods@#An Intervention Research (IR) model was used to develop a program. Literature review, focus group interviews with nurses and need surveys were conducted from August to December 2018. Based on the results of the investigation, the researcher developed the content of a program. The program was revised by nurse managers for the content validation. Results: According to the results of the need surveys, 58.8% of the participants thought relation-oriented culture was the most ideal, and 61.8% of the participants wanted to participate in a program for organizational culture improvement. In the focus group interview, not only new nurses but also wards and nursing organizations should be a target subject of the program. Reinforcement of resilience and relation (3R) program was developed as a one-year course, which includes a ‘mentor-mentee’ program and a ‘thanks’ program. Conclusion: It would contribute to improving the resilience of new nurses and creating a relation-oriented organizational culture by 3R program.The 3R program could play a role as expanded program from an existing pragmatic short-term training program for improving the competencies or communication skills of new nurses.

Influence of Nursing Organization Culture on Resilience in New Nurses / 임상간호연구

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of nursing organization culture on resilience of new nurses. METHODS: Participants were 1,033 new nurses with careers of less than 12 months and who were from 43 general hospitals located in Seoul, Incheon, other metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. RESULTS: Relation-oriented culture was scored highest for perception of organizational culture by new nurses (3.35), followed by hierarchy-oriented culture (3.19), innovation-oriented culture (3.12), and task-oriented culture (2.73). The score for resilience of the new nurses was 3.49, and the first subcategories were interpersonal relationship ability 3.66, self-positivity 3.45, and self-control ability 3.36. Relation-oriented culture (β=.30, p < .001) was the most significant factor influencing resilience of new nurses, followed by innovation-oriented culture (β=.14, p=.001), hierarchy-oriented culture (β=.12, p < .001), task-oriented culture (β=−.10, p=.003) in that order (R2(adj. R2)=.16, F=47.04, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Findings show that for improved resilience in new nurses it is necessary to develop relation-oriented culture to provide a cooperative work environment( friendly interpersonal relation and dialogue) for new nurses and to encourage involvement of these members in the hospital culture.

Factors Affecting Social Problem-solving Ability of Community-residing Alcohol-dependent Patients: Focused on Gender Differences

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting social problem-solving ability of alcohol-dependent patients with a focus on gender differences. METHODS: Participants were 250 alcohol-dependent people(men 140, women 110) who were living in B, G and Y cities. Data were collected from January 10 to March 31, 2017 using self-report questionnaires. Abstinence self-efficacy, alcohol insight, unconditional self-acceptance, and social problem-solving ability were investigated. For data analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were employed. RESULTS: Factors influencing social problem-solving ability for men were unconditional self-acceptance and age. The explanatory power was 28%. Factors influencing social problem-solving ability for women were unconditional self-acceptance, stress, religiousness, age, occupation and abstinence self-efficacy and the explanatory power was 72%. Unconditional self-acceptance and age were significant variables of social problem-solving ability in both men and women. Stress, occupation, religiousness and abstinence self-efficacy were significantly associated with social problem-solving ability in women but not in men. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it is necessary to consider gender characteristics in order to develop effective management programs for social problem-solving ability in alcohol-dependent people.

Overcoming Internalized Stigma in Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This phenomenological study was done to identify comprehensively and in depth the experience of overcoming internalized stigma in persons with psychiatric disabilities. METHODS: Data were collected from December 2015 to June 2016 with 10 persons who had psychiatric disabilities. The participants took part in interviews on their experiences of overcoming stigma. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. RESULTS: From the raw data obtained from the study participants, 12 themes and 5 theme clusters were identified. The 5 theme clusters were found to be ‘being locked up in one's own stigma’, ‘trying to escape from the self in constraints’, ‘overcoming oneself by oneself’, ‘getting to see the true self’, and ‘living the life desired’. CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate the necessity of developing a mediation program to reduce and overcome the internalized stigma in the persons with psychiatric disabilities. A national and social effort is necessary for persons with psychiatric disabilities to help them overcome the internalized stigma.

Factors Influencing Dietary Behavior in Nursing Students / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of dietary behavior in nursing students and also, to investigate factors that influence dietary behavior. METHODS: In this study, 250 nursing students who were enrolled in a university school in B city, Korea and who gave written consent completed the questionnaire. The data were collected between June 22 and 30, 2015 and analyzed using t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. RESULTS: The level of dietary behavior in nursing students was 3.06±0.52. Models including the variables, health concern and dietary self efficacy explained 12% of the variance for dietary behavior. Dietary self efficacy(β=.26, p<.001) was the most influential factor. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, steps should be taken to design intervention programs that emphasize the health dietary behavior of nursing students.

Factors Affecting Social Problem-solving Ability in Male Alcohol Dependent Patients / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting social problem-solving ability in alcohol dependent men in outpatient treatment facilities. METHODS: Participants were 148 men dependent on alcohol who were outpatients at 5 hospitals for mentally ill patients in G City. Data were collected from May 1 to June 30, 2016 using self-report questionnaires. Abstinence self-efficacy, existential spiritual well-being, alcohol insight, unconditional self-acceptance, and social problem-solving ability were investigated. For data analysis t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were employed. RESULTS: Mean score for social problem-solving ability was 18.28±5.27. Social problem-solving ability had a positive correlation with abstinence self-efficacy, existential spiritual well-being, and unconditional self-acceptance. Factors affecting social problem-solving ability in these men were unconditional self-acceptance, lack of sleep disorder, existential spiritual well-being, and religiousness. The explanatory power was 57%. CONCLUSION: In planning an intervention for social problem-solving ability for alcohol dependent men, it is important to employ strategies which provide enhancement of self-acceptance as a healthy countermeasure to the low level of unconditional self-acceptance and to provide educational interventions for physical health or sleep deprivation for the patients with these problems along with low social problem-solving ability.

Experience of People with Mentally Disabled for Work Drop-out / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore experience of people with mentally disability for work drop-out. METHODS: Participants were 10 persons with an intellectual disability. The Colaizzi's phenomenological method was utilized. Data were collected using non-structured interviews. RESULTS: According to the data analysis, 7 theme-clusters were identified from 13 themes. The theme-clusters were 'Struggling in work', 'Being a stranger in the office', 'Struggling in standing alone', 'Feeling ambivalent', 'Waiting for a new opportunity for work', 'Being determined to make an effort to maintain a job', 'Expecting myself to gain recognition'. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this study indicate a need to design intervention programs and directions to introduce realistic improvement plans for people with intellectual disabilities in order to decrease work drop-out.

Effects of Meridian Acupressure on Constipation in the Institutionalized Elderly / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: In this study, we attempted to provide an evidence for the effects of meridian acupressure on relieving and preventing constipation in the institutionalized elderly. METHODS: The research design was a non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The subjects consisted of 31 institutionalized elderly (experimental group: 16, control group: 15). The experimental group was given meridian acupressure for 10 minutes daily for 2 weeks. The data was analyzed by the chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The number of bowel movements per week of the experimental and control group performed meridian acupressure verified by repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that interaction existed between the meridian acupressure availability and the measurement point (F=98.183, p<.001). Repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the changes in Bristol stool form scale scores of the experimental and control group performed meridian acupressure revealed that interaction existed between the meridian acupressure availability and the measurement point (F=48.896, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the meridian acupressure is a useful nursing intervention on constipation in the institutionalized elderly.

The Factors Influencing on Employment Stress of University Students / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study examined to explore factors influencing on employment stress of university students. METHODS: The data were collected by structured questionnaires to students who agreed to be the subjects of this study. And 230 cases were finally analyzed. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Significant differences revealed in age, department of major, residental type and school year on employment stress by general characteristics. Also, employment stress showed negative correlation with self-esteem, and satisfaction in major. Self-esteem and satisfaction in major, department of major were confirmed as a factors influencing on employment stress and accounted for 36% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Further studies that discover factors influencing on employment stress of university students are needed, and also practical programs are necessary to decrease employment stress of university students.

Influence of Job Stress and State of Sleep on the Depression of Emergency Medical Technicians / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of job stress, state of sleep, and depression and to identify factors influencing depression of emergency medical technicians. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data collection were done using self-report questionnaires with 162 emergency medical technicians working in hospitals who agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 Program. RESULTS: Depression had significant negative correlations with state of sleep, (r=-482, p<.001) and positive correlations with job stress (r=.196,p=.013). State of sleep had significant negative correlations with job stress (r=-.168, p=.033). The variance for life satisfaction was 23.7% (F=25.964, p<.001). Variable of state of sleep significantly predicted depression of emergency medical technicians. CONCLUSION: Considering these results, for emergency medical technicians' job stress, state of sleep, and depression, further studies are needed. Furthermore, there is a need to develop and implement new strategies to improve depression among emergency medical technicians.

Factors Affecting Turnover Intention of People with Mentally Disabilities Working in Manufacturing Industry / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify turnover intentions in workers with mentally disabilities working in manufacturing industry. METHODS: Participants were 147 workers with mentally disabled living in B-city and Y-city. The data were collected from September 1st to November 30th, 2011 using self-report questionnaires including measurements of turnover intentions, family support, work volition, working environment, job satisfaction and internalized stigma. Data analysis was done using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The average score for turnover intention was 2.9+/-0.7. Turnover intention was related to job satisfaction, working environment, family support and internalized stigma. The predicting factors for turnover intention were job satisfaction, internalized stigma and gender. Those factors accounted for 41.9% of turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The results imply that workers with mentally disabled need to reduce internalized stigma as well as to increase job satisfaction in order to decrease turnover intention.

The Factors Influence upon Job Maintenance of the Mentally Disabled with Job Experience / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study tried to explore factors influencing on job maintenance of the mentally disabled who employed before. The subjects of this study were the mentally disabled who participated in community mental health center and social rehabilitation center, there had experienced a job in the past. METHODS: The number of community centers were 27 places, there were located in different region. The number of participants were 221 persons agreed to this study. Data was analyzed by Mean, SD and logistic regression analyzation using SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: General character such as age was significant factor. Monthly pay and working a day in the midst of job related factors were significant. Moreover, job rehabilitation program satisfaction rate and social support revealed significant factors. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, Job rehabilitation programs for job maintenance of the mentally disabled should be development and establish mediate strategies to improve social support to them.

Associated Factors of Job Satisfaction on Part-time Work of the Mentally Disabled / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of satisfaction of part-time work of the mentally disabled and the factors affecting their job satisfaction. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 106 part-time workers with mental illness in the city of B and Y. The data were collected from February 1, 2012 to May 30, 2012 using self-report questionnaires including the measurement scales of job satisfaction, family support, work volition and the degree of satisfaction with work environment. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The mean of score for job satisfaction was 61.8+/-13.84. Job satisfaction was highly related to family support, work environment and work volition. The associated factor of the subjects job satisfaction were family support, work environment, work volition, and the period of employment. The combination of these four factors showed an explanation for job satisfaction at the rate of 80.2%. CONCLUSION: The results imply that job satisfaction needs to be increased for the job continuity of employees with mental illness. In addition to this, work environment, work volition and family support should first be improved for the increase of job satisfaction.

Development of a Coping Scale for Families of Patients with Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a coping scale for families of patients with schizophrenia(CSFPS). METHODS: Item construction was derived from literature reviews and interviews with family members and psychiatric nurses. Content validity was tested by experts. Each item was scored on a four-point Likert scale. The preliminary questionnaire was administered to 188 family members of patients with schizophrenia. The data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: From the factor analysis, 32 items in five factors were derived. The factors were named active coping strategies, avoidance coping strategies, hospital treatment-oriented coping strategies, emotional coping strategies, and suppressive coping strategies for problematic behaviors. The five factors explained 49.7% of the total variance, Cronbach's alpha of the total items was .83 and the factors ranged from .66 to .86. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that CSFPS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure coping in families of patients with schizophrenia.

Factors Influencing Quality of Life in People with Mental Disabilities using Mental Health Centers / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The study was done to identify factors influencing the quality of life of people with mental disabilities who use mental health centers. METHODS: Data were collected by questionnaires from 288 people with mental disabilities in Busan and Kyungnam Provience. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score for quality of life was 11.3+/-1.70, and the mean empowerment score was 59.7+/-8.44. The significant factors influencing quality of life were gender, age, residential status, number of support people, side-effects of drugs, service type, and empowerment. These factors explained 43.9% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in development and practice of program to increase the quality of life of people with mental disabilities a variety of factors should be considered.

A Study on the Residential Relational Factors and Residential Service Needs of Persons with a Mental Disability / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore residential needs of the mentally disabled which reflect residential relational factors and residential service needs. METHODS: The instrument used to measure residential needs of mentally disabled persons was the questionnaires reformed previous questionnaires. The instrument was tested with a sample of 307 participants who were registered in a day hospital, mental health center or social rehabilitation center. RESULTS: The needs for a residential facility for the mental disabled were significantly related with paying the entrance cost, monthly living cost and the decision making of the residents. The needs for residential services were independent living skills and an occupational rehabilitation program. CONCLUSION: The needs for residential services of the mentally disabled were varied because their diagnosis, symptom, functional level, treatment and personal priority are different. Therefore, we should develop various residential types and living services based on the needs and priorities of the mentally disabled.

A Study on the Residential Relational Factors and Residential Service Needs of Persons with a Mental Disability / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore residential needs of the mentally disabled which reflect residential relational factors and residential service needs. METHODS: The instrument used to measure residential needs of mentally disabled persons was the questionnaires reformed previous questionnaires. The instrument was tested with a sample of 307 participants who were registered in a day hospital, mental health center or social rehabilitation center. RESULTS: The needs for a residential facility for the mental disabled were significantly related with paying the entrance cost, monthly living cost and the decision making of the residents. The needs for residential services were independent living skills and an occupational rehabilitation program. CONCLUSION: The needs for residential services of the mentally disabled were varied because their diagnosis, symptom, functional level, treatment and personal priority are different. Therefore, we should develop various residential types and living services based on the needs and priorities of the mentally disabled.

The Effects of Knowledge about the Harmfulness of Smoking and Attitude Toward Smoking Temptation for Middle School Students

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of knowledge about the harmfulness of smoking and attitude toward smoking temptation for middle school students. METHODS: A survey was conducted in this study on 745 students from 12 middle schools in the Y City. Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 12.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANCOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in knowledge about the harmfulness of smoking (F=2.88, p<.05) and attitude toward smoking (F=54.61, p<.001). And there was statistically significant difference in smoking temptations among tempting factors such as negative mood of individual (F=63.61, p<.001), positive mood of social situation (F=67.08, p<.001), habitualness (F=57.68, p<.001), weight control (F=33.01, p<.001), and others' smoking (F=73.13, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that smoking-cessation programs to enhance the effectiveness of nursing interventions should be tailored to the level of smoking temptation and that educational programs should be developed for middle school students.

Factors Influencing Job Stress in Work Experience of employees with Mentally Disabled / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the degree of job stress for workers with mentally disabled and factors influencing their job stress. METHODS: The participants in this study were employees with mental disabilities employed in job programs sponsored by community mental health centers and social rehabilitation centers. For this study, researchers conducted a survey with structured questionnaires with 221 employees. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in job stress according to general characters. However, there were significant differences in job stress according to type of employment and monthly-income. Multi-regression analysis showed that type of employment and social support affected job stress. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that following should be emphasized: conditions of employment such as type of employment and social support should be improved to decrease job stress and help the employee to remain in the job.