[Evaluation of body composition, physiological indices and motor-physical fitness of Emam Ali university cadets]

The aim of current study was the Evaluation of body composition, physiological indices and Motor-physical fitness of the first grade and last grade cadets of Emam Ali University. In this study 150 subjects with mean age of [18.5 +/- 0.5 and 23.1 +/- 0.31 years old] and weight of [65 +/- 7.05 and 67.4 =/- 8.13 kg] and mean height of [174.4 +/- 5.38 and 174.1 +/- 5.68] cm] were selected randomly and were assessed within two groups of first grade cadets [n=75] and last grade cadets [n=75]. First collected data were compared within first and last grade cadets, and then compared with USA military norms. For data analysis Independent Samples T Test was used [alpha =0.05]. Findings showed that there is a significant difference [P>0.05] between Motor-physical fitness indices of Emam Ali first and last grade cadets [except flexibility, balance and anaerobic power with lactic acid [P>0.05]. In comparison with USA military officers, norm, Iranians especially last grade cadets in elements of flexibility, coordination, balance and anaerobic power were respectively in good, intermediate, excellent and under intermediate levels. Also in the cardio vascular and muscular endurance achieved higher scores than norm. There aren't significant differences in body composition indices between first and last grade cadet [P<0.05]. About body fat percent indices, in comparison with American officers, Iranian cadets were in the lower level than normal level. In addition, physiological indices of first and last grade cadets were significantly different [P<0.05]. It is concluded that in the most of physical-motor fitness and body composition indices, final grade cadets are in more appropriate level than first grade cadets and norm. it can be as a result of effective training programs used in Emam Ali University

[Effects of total extract of urtica dioica on insulin and c-peptide secretion from rat [RIN5F] pancreatic beta cells and glucose utilization by human muscle cells]

The hypoglycemic effects of the Uritca Dioica [UD] extract, used for treatment of diabetes mellitus for many centuries, have been documented in several studies. The present study was designed to determine the possible mechanisms of hypoglycemic effects of UD on human muscle cells and RIN5F rat pancreatic beta cells. In the cell culture laboratory of the Drug Applied Research Center, pancreatic Beta cells and human muscle cells were prepared in multiple flasks containing culture media. Alcoholic extract of UD at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 micro g/mL were added to muscle cell flasks. The same concentrations of extract plus insulin were added to other muscle cell flasks.Glucose levels were measured in the flasks before and after 60, 120, and 180 minutes after adding of extract. Also the same concentration of UD were added to flask containing RIN5F rat pancreatic beta cells, and insulin and C-peptide level were measured at 0, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Mean glucose level in the muscle cell media with UD alone and UD plus insulin, at the concentrations and time intervals mentioned, did not change significantly. Insulin levels in pancreatic cells media, before and after applying of UD at different concentrations, and at different times was

[Dyslipidemia and it's relation with smoking in Tehran]

Dyslipidemia and smoking are among the most important medical problems in human society. Their share in the mortality of coronary heart disease [CHD] has led to multiple investigations about them. This study was done to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the effect of cigarette usage on it. This epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out on 9632 persons selected randomly in Tehran urban with a minimum age of 20 years and over. We measured fasting blood sugar, blood sugar 2 hours after 75 grams oral glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol. Degree of physical activity was registered according to Lipid Research Clinics classification. Anthropometrics data, social condition, family history and smoking exactly delineated. Our patients were divided into: those having normal lipid profile and primary dyslipidemia [without any risk factor for dyslipidemia] and secondary dyslipidemia [having one or more risk factors such as diabetes mellitus]. ANOVA, t.test, and logistic were used to analyze the level of significance. Our population sample consisted of 5619 female and 4013 male. 68.5% of our cases had dyslipidemia. 65.8% of females and 72.3% of males had at least one type of dyslipidemia. There were 1085 smokers [11.4%] that 73.2% of them were dyslipidemic. With comparing smokers to nonsmokers shows that in smokers HDL.cholesterol, LDL.cholesterol and total cholesterol had decreased and triglyceride increased [p<0.05]. Tehran population suffers from dyslipidemia. Large number of secondary dyslipidemia and smoking highlighted the importance of education to overcome to these preventable and modifiable factors