RESUMEN
Introduction: Adipokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue in response to extracellular stimuli and changes in metabolism. These hormones are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin is one of these adipokines that has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and obesity during pregnancy
Materials and Methods: To conduct this research, a systematic of descriptive-observational studies by review was conducted searching databases, i.e PubMed, Iran Medex, SID, Google Scholar, between January 2000-February 2017, using the related keywords.The quality of the extracted articles was evaluated based on the STORBE checklist of contents and finally 20 articles were analyzed
Results: Adiponectin levels early in pregnancy increased, and with increasing insulin resistance during pregnancy, these levels gradually declined in maternal circulation and adipose tissue. Decreased adiponectin concentrations were also observed in obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus and can exacerbate insulin resistance, although levels of this hormone appears to increase in preeclampsia
Conclusion: These results indicate that reducing adiponectin levels is possibly involved in insulin resistance during pregnancy, obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus and the increase in levels of this hormone in preeclampsia is probably a physiological response to improving vascular function and insulin sensitivity
RESUMEN
Background and Purpose: It has been suggested that intracellular adhesion molecules [sICAM-1], as a new inflammatory marker, are more precise and sensitive markers in predicting cardiovascular diseases, compared with traditional predictive markers. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of discontinuous endurance exercise on sICAM-1 and lipid profile [LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TC] of non-athletic male students and to survey the correlation between changes of these variables
Material and methods: This experimental study involved twenty non-athletic male students who signed the written informed consent, and were randomly assigned into experimental [n=12] and control [n=8] groups. The exercise protocol was a graded program, to be performed for 8 weeks three times per week with specific intensity and duration. Blood samples were taken before the first session and after the last session, with 14 hours fasting. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using independent and dependent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the correlation of the variables. Level of statistical significance was set at ?<0.05
Results: Eight weeks of discontinuous endurance exercise caused 14% decline in sICAM-1 [p=0.0001], 6% in TC [p=0.001], 10% in LDL-C [p=0.0001], 40% in TG [p=0.0001] and 23% increase in HDL-C [p=0.001] in the experimental group. However, there were no significant correlation between sICAM-1 alteration and changes of traditional predictors of cardiovascular diseases [LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TC] [p>0.05]
Conclusion: Eight weeks of discontinuous endurance exercise may reduce sICAM-1 and improve the lipid profile. These changes can play effective roles in the prevention, control and treatment of atherosclerosis