Some gross anatomical studies on the ear of rabbits; part I external ear

The study revealed that the cartilagenous framework of the external ear comprises three cartilages, auricular, annular and scutiform. The extrinsic auricular muscles can be divided into rostral, caudal, ventral and dorsal groups. The intrinsic auricular muscles are only two, M. antitragicus and M. helicis. The rostral auricular vessels are small and terminate into the Crus helicis laterale, while the caudal auricular vessels divided on the convexity of the auricle into lateral, intermediate and medial auricular branches. These vessels lie directly under the skin and the veins present a large number of valves. It has been noticed that there is a large number of anastomoses, not only between the different arteries or veins, but also between both particularly close to the circumferential border of the auricle

Some gross anatomical studies on the ear of rabbits part II tympanic cavity and internal ear

The gross anatomy of the tympanic cavity and internal ear has been conducted on 30 heads collected from rabbits of different ages. A detailed description for the epitympanic recess, tympanic cavity proper, bulla tympanica and the intra-tympanic muscles has been offered in the text. Moreover, the osseous labyrinth and the arrangement of the different parts of the membranous labyrinth have been carefully studied

Anatomical peculiarities on the incisive part of the mandible of the one-humped camel

The joint between the two halves of the m and ible in camel has not been described. Despite the fact that the camel is a ruminant, the incisive part of the body of the m and ible presents some peculiarities, which merit attention. Thirty-eight m and ibles of one-humped camels of different age and of both sexes including five embryos were used. The length of the incisive part of the body is more than one/third of the entire length of the m and ible. The two halves of the m and ible are fused completely in the incisive region and there is no trace to indicate the joint between them. However, in the prenatal life, a symphysis is present and the uniting medium is cartilaginous. On the other h and, young subjects [under one year old] showed on both surfaces an incisure only in its posterior part and for a distance of approximately 2 cm. A median section through the incisive part of the m and ible showed that it consists mainly of compact bony substance, especially in its aboral two/thirds, but in the rostral third, there is some spongy bony plates. The spongy substance is poor even in young animals. The completely fused incisive part of the body of m and ible, and the weight of the bone might be functionally correlated with the habits of the camel in taking various types of food and its mastication and remastication

contribution to the blood of the coria in the foot of donkey

Forty-two clinically normal fore and hind feet from adult donkeys of both sexes were used in this study to elucidate the blood supply of the coria and the relationship of the blood vessels to the foot structures in the donkey

Intrapulmonary distribution of bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels in rabbits

The research was conducted on 40 fresh lungs. Latex and vinilyte casts were prepared for the bronchial tree and pulmonary vessels. The course and distribution of the bronchi and pulmonary vessels were described in detail in the text. The study provided that the broncho-pulmonary segments in rabbit are of broncho-vascular type in the right and left cranial lobes as well as in the accessory lobe, while in other lobes, the segments are of broncho-arterial type. The results have been discussed with available publications

arteries of the structures enclosed within the hoof of the donkey

Forty-two clinically normal fore and hind feet from adult donkeys were used in this study. The arterial supply of the structures enclosed within the hoof were studied by casts prepared, using latex and vinilyte. The general pattern of arterial distribution in the foot of the donkey appears similar to that of the horse, but some differences were found. The foot of the donkey has five arterial arches; the dorsal arch of the middle phalanx, the palmar [plantar] arch of the middle phalanx, the dorsal and palmar arches of the distal phalanx and the terminal arterial arch. These arches form anastomoses inside the coria particularly in the coronary, parietal and solar coria. The study revealed that the perioplic and the bulk of the coronary coria are supplied by branches of the dorsal arch of the middle phalanx, the proximal branches of the terminal arch and the dorsal artery of the distal phalanx. The parietal corium receives blood from the proximal and distal arteries of the terminal arch and also from branches of the dorsal artery of the distal phalanx. The solar corium is supplied from the distal arteries of the terminal arch and from the palmar arch of the distal phalanx. The corium of the frog and torus are supplied by the palmar arch of the distal phalanx and the artery of the digital cushion

Venous drainage of the structures enclosed within the hoof in the donkey

Forty clinically normal fore and hind feet were injected by latex and vinilyte. It has been found that the venous blood is drained from the structures of the foot by remarkable plexuses which communicate freely with each other. The plexuses have been divided into six subdivisions, each of which presents its own pattern. Moreover, each of the toric, laminar, coronary and perioplic coria have two layers of plexuses, superficial and deep. However, the coria of the frog and sole have only a single layer of venous plexuses. In addition, five venous arches associated with the drainage of the venous plexuses of the foot of the donkey have been described in the text. The results of this study provided basic information for a better underst and ing of normal function and some clinical problems