randomized study of eflornithine cream combined with intense pulsed light versus intense pulsed light treatment alone for hirsutism in women

Objective: to document the efficacy of concomitant use of eflornithine cream and intense pulsed light [IPL] in disease clearance in hirsutism in women

Methods: this was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of eflornithine cream combined with IPL treatment versus IPL alone for treatment of hirsutism in women. All subjects underwent treatment with IPL every 4 weeks for 8 sessions. Each patient also applied either eflornithine or placebo cream twice daily to each side of face in a double-blinded manner. Patients were evaluated for efficacy via hair count analysis and patient self-assessment

Results: both treatment modalities were well tolerated by 40 patients. The outcome measures showed significantly better results in favour of eflornithine plus IPL versus IPL alone. At the end of study almost complete hair removal was achieved in 38 of 40 [95%] of eflornithine + IPL sites versus 31 of 40 [77%] for the placebo cream+ IPL treated sites [P=0.021]. Statistically significant differences in favour of eflornithine were seen

Conclusion: combination of eflornithine to IPL results in more rapid and complete reduction of unwanted facial hair in women

Ovarian dermoid causing pilimiction

Ovarian dermoid cyst is one of the common problems seen in gynaecology, they make upto 10 - 25% of all ovarian neoplasms and are usually seen in younger age group. Mature cystic teratomas are usually an incidental finding during a clinical examinations, radiographic studies or during abdominal operations performed for other indications. Other presentations include abdominal symptoms from complications of the cyst such as torsion, rupture, infection and malignant transformation. Dermoid cyst in urinary bladder is a very rare condition. Here we are presenting a case report of a female who presented with lower abdominal pain and passage of hair in urine [pilimiction]. Upon investigations it was found that patient had right sided dermoid which had penetrated the wall of bladder and expelled its contents in the bladder. This was a very rare presentation and no such case has been reported in Pakistani literature

Emotional problems of street children in three major cities of Pakistan

The present study intended to identify the emotional indicators such as internalizing [i.e. guilt, anxiety, withdrawal and immaturity] and externalizing problems [i.e. impulsivity and overt aggression] among the Street Children. Exploratory study. Department of Psychology, University of Karachi. Data was collected from February 2012 to June 2012. For the purpose of the present study, Sample was comprised of 75 male children [25 from each city i.e., Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar] with mean age 8.5 years, who were being selected conveniently with the help of following different NGO 's in Karachi, Peshawar and Lahore. Human Figure Drawing [HFD] by Koppitz1 was used for interpretation. Frequencies and percentages were calculated which showed that overall street children may have high level of impulsivity [84%], overt aggression [90.67%], immaturity [86.67%], helplessness [70.67], withdrawal [62.67] inadequacy [88%] and depression [21.33%]. Whereas high level of inadequacy, impulsivity, immaturity, anxiety and guilt feelings were found in Lahore. Overt aggression, regression, immaturity, inadequacy and withdrawal were found in Peshawar. On the other hand immaturity, impulsivity, inadequacy and withdrawal were found high among the street children of Karachi. Results remained consistent with previous researches. Street children scored high on internalizing [i.e.: inadequacy, depression, regression, helplessness, repression, anxiety, withdrawal and immaturity] and externalizing problems [i.e. impulsivity, paranoid and overt aggression

Post hoc analysis of X[2] data

It is advisable to go beyond the overall consequence estimate in under to pinpoint both within and without differences. Karl Pearson [1900] introduced the chi-square [X[2]] statistic. X[2] is a frequency-based statistic. It serves two purposes: [i] it tests whether or not a significant difference exists between observed number of cases and expected number of cases specified by the null hypothesis, and [ii] it tests whether or not there is an association between two or more variables. In both cases the same X[2] formula [N-ARY Summation] [fo-fe] [2]/fe is used, and researcher gets an overall estimate in both cases. ANOVA [F] yields an overall estimate of sample means. Provided F is significant, attempt is made to pinpoint which pair AB, AC, or BC, differs, and -which does not differ between themselves and within themselves. Such an attempt is called post hoc analysis. Scheffe [1953] and Tukey [1953] statistics are widely used post hoc statistics. Unlike F, authors of text books especially designed for behavioral sciences as well as researchers have not gone beyond the overall result of X[2] test. We, here, attempt to use X[2] for two more possible points of difference i.e., within difference and between difference. Illustrative examples are given below both for the measure of goodness of fit and for the measure of association between variables

Social anxiety, social confidence and embarrassment: a correlational study

The present correlational research aimed to test the relationship between Social anxiety, confidence and embarrassment, which have long been considered to be correlates of each other against the complex backdrop of social interaction. The sample consisted of 154 graduate and post-graduate students, out of which there were 76 males and 76 females. To measure level of social anxiety and social confidence, the Khalique et al. [2003] Social Anxiety and Social Confidence scale was used, and to measure Embarrassability, the Kelly and Jones [1997] Susceptibility to Embarrassment scale was used. Over all analysis using the Pearson's Product-moment coefficient indicated a highly significant positive correlation between Social Anxiety and Embarrassment at p < 0.001, and highly significant negative correlations between Social Confidence and Embarrassment, and Social Anxiety and Social Confidence at p < 0.001. On sub-analysis by gender, results showed that in females a highly significant negative correlation was found between Social Anxiety and Social Confidence at p < 0.001, whereas in males this correlation was significant at p < 0.01. Similarly, the negative correlation between Social Confidence and Embarrassment between females was found to be significant at p < 0.01 and at p < 0.05 in males. The positive correlation between Social Anxiety and Embarrassment in both males and females was found to be highly significant at p < 0.001