RESUMEN
Objective: to determine the normal liver, spleen, and renal parameters in adult patients with no comorbidities
Study Design: cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: dow Institute of Radiology, Ojha Campus, LEJ Campus, and Al-Mustafa Hospital Karachi, from October 2016 to March 2017
Methodology: a total of 3,136 study participants with more than 16 years of age of either gender underwent ultrasound examination. All individuals with morbid conditions like hypertension [HTN], diabetes mellitus [DM], liver cirrhosis, hydronephrosis, renal cyst, and liver mass were excluded. Ultrasound scan was performed and longitudinal and transverse sections were obtained of both kidneys [in full inspiration], spleen and liver
Results: a significant positive correlation was observed between age and spleen size of the individuals [r=0.053, p=0.012]. The correlation of BMI and liver size was also found significantly positive [r=0.237, p <0.001]. The correlation of age and kidney size was found significantly negative in between age and right kidney [r=-0.074, p <0.001] and left kidney [r=-0.087, p <0.001]. Similarly, the correlation of BMI and renal size was found significantly weak positive between BMI and right kidney [r=0.206, p <0.001] and BMI and left kidney [r=0.227, p <0.001]
Conclusion: BMI was found significantly positively correlated with liver size and both kidneys in study participants. Moreover, spleen was found directly and renal size inversely correlated with age of the individuals
RESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) in patients with low back pain (LBP) and the role of iliolumbar ligament (ILL) origin from L5 in LSTV cases. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Transitional vertebrae are developmental variants of the spine. LSTV is a common congenital abnormality, and failure to recognize this anomaly may result in serious consequences during surgery. METHODS: All patients aged 11–90 years of either gender with LBP for any duration, who presented for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine, were included. X-rays of the lumbosacral spine in anteroposterior and lateral views were acquired. In addition, T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and axial MRI was performed. Images were evaluated on a workstation. RESULTS: Of 504 patients, transitional vertebrae were observed in 75 patients (15%). Among them, 39 (52%) patients had Castellvi type III and 36 (48%) patients had Castellvi type II. However, on MRI, 42 (56%) patients had O'Driscoll type II, 18 (24%) patients had O'Driscoll type IV, and 15 patients (20%) had O'Driscoll type III. ILL origin from L5 was significantly higher (n=429, 100%) among patients with a normal lumbosacral junction than among patients with a transitional lumbosacral junction (n=22, 29.3%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LSTV occurs at a high frequency in patients with LBP. Furthermore, in the presence of LSTV, the ILL is not a reliable marker for the identification of L5.