RESUMEN
The vitality pulp tests are necessary for diagnosis of pulpal disease and differentiation between endodontic and non-endodontic diseases. Thermal and electrical tests are conventional methods for evaluation of pulp vitality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal changes on the tooth response to the electric pulp tester. In this study, 160 intact maxillary central incisors of 40 voluntaries were evaluated. After isolation, electric pulpal response threshold in patients were recorded. After heat and cold tests, the electrical pulp test was repeated. The degree of response was recorded. The data were analyzed using pair T-test and independent T-test. The result of this study demonstrated that the average of teeth response to the electric pulp tester before and after cold test was 1.3 and 1.7, respectively. The average was 1.4 and 1.7 before and after heat test, respectively. There was no significant difference [P<0.001] between the pulpal response before and after thermal tests [heat and cold tests]. In addition, no significant difference was found between pulpal response after heat and cold tests [P=0.25]. The response of tooth to the electric pulp tester was influenced by heat and cold tests
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Diente , Maxilar , Incisivo , Calor , FríoRESUMEN
E-learning is there to enhance knowledge of patients and can provide an efficient way to enhance personnel-patient interaction and provide patient-specific education. So the aim of this study was to Compare the effect of two educational methods, E-learning [multimedia] and painted booklet on Primipar Women's Knowledge about neonatal care. This was a quasi-experimental study based on pre- and post- tests that were carried out on 100 primipar women in Isfahan during the years 2012-2013. Participants were divided into two groups of e-learning or painted booklet learning, randomly. Participants' knowledge scores were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS version 11.5 was used to conduct statistical tests such as independent t-test and paired t-test for analyzing the data. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Before training, the mean score of knowledge of the e-learning education group was 5.4 +/- 1.2 and 5.5 +/- 1.2 for the painted booklet group; the difference between mean scores was not significant. At the end of the study, this score was 9.54 +/- 1.1 for the e-learning group and 6.5 +/- 1.2 for the painted booklet group and the difference was statistically significant [P< 0.01]. Also increase in the rate of knowledge in the e-learning group and the painted booklet group was 56% and 30%, respectively. This study showed that passing the e-learning training course could better improve knowledge of mothers about neonatal care than the painted booklet. So, different aspects of e-learning, including computer literacy, infrastructure of telecommunications should be revisited
RESUMEN
Calcium hydroxide has a pronounced antimicrobial activity against most of the bacterial species found in infected root canals and endodontic infections. It is one of the most frequently used intracanal medications in endodontic therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of six calcium hydroxide formulations [mixed with saline, lidocaine 2%, chlorhexidine 2%, chlorhexidine 0.2%, Iodine Potassium iodide [IKI] 2%, and glycerin] on Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion test. Twelve culture plates were incubated with Enterococcus faecalis. Five cavities were made in each plate with 5 mm diameter and 4 mm depth. Two plates were randomly considered for each calcium hydroxide formulation and filled completely with creamy mixture of tested materials. The plates were incubated at 37degree]C for 48 hours. The diameter of inhibition zone around each well was recorded in millimetres and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results of this study showed that all tested calcium hydroxide pastes had good antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide mixed with lidocaine, chlorhexidine 2% and IKI 2% were significantly greater than that of calcium hydroxide mixed with saline [P<0.001]. No significant differences in the antimicrobial were found between the other groups [P>0.05]. Considering the results of this study, lidocaine 2%, chlorhexidine 2% and IKI 2% are suggested to be used for preparation of calcium hydroxide paste. Further studies with different methods are needed for confirming these results.
RESUMEN
Working length determination and remaining this length is of great importance in root canal therapy. Recently, electronic apex locators are being used to determine working length and decrease the number of radiographs. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of Root ZX and Novapex electronic apex locators with radiography in an in vivo condition. In this study, 73 single-canalled teeth of the patients referred to the endodontic department of the Yazd Dental School were evaluated. The access cavity was prepared and working length of the root canals were measured by using the apex locators: Root ZX and Novapex. The file was placed in the root canal and a periapical radiograph was taken using parallel technique. The working lengths obtained by apex locators were recorded and compared with those of radiographs. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. The exact measurement without any fault was 46.6% for Root ZX and 20.5% for Novapex compared to radiography. In the range of 0.5 mm fault, the results were 91.8% for Root ZX and 64.4% for Novapex compared to radiographic measurements. The difference between the average of the measured lengths by Root ZX and radiography was not significant [P=0.17]. On the other hand, the results showed significant difference between the average of the measured lengths by Novapex and radiography [P=0.017]. The difference between two apex locators was not significant [P=0.061]. Root ZX and Novapex with high accuracy are useful for determining working length of the root canals in pregnant patients with special anatomic conditions and patients with muscle disharmony. Therefore, the use of these apex locators combined with radiography is recommended in root canal treatments