Does time of day affect quality of breast cancer surgery?

Time of day can affect the outcome of medical procedures and surgical operations. The current study was designed to assess whether time of day can influence the quality of breast cancer surgery or not. Patients who underwent breast cancer surgery and axillary lymph node dissection in Tehran, Iran between March 2012 and March 2013 were enrolled. Surgeries were categorized into two group based on the time of initiation [before and after 1 pm]. We considered the number of dissected lymph node as an indicator of operation quality. In this way, dissection of at least six lymph nodes was considered as an adequate number of lymph node examinations. A total of 134 patients were enrolled. Median start time of surgery was 11 am. Surgeries were performed before and after 1 pm in 105[78.4%] and 29[21.6%] patients, respectively. The association between time and the number of dissected lymph nodes was significant when they were considered either as a categorical [P = 0.002] or continuous variables [P = 0.039]. Based on our results, it can be suggested that breast surgeries with later start time might have lower quality

possible non-genomic epileptogenic properties of estradiol attenuated by MK801 and DNQX in amygdala kindled rats

Although the epileptogenic properties of estrogens have been widely demonstrated in several models and species, the mechanism[s] by which estrogens can acutely change seizure parameters including after discharge and seizure duration remain remains to be determined. In the present study, we examined the role of NMDA [N-methyl-D-aspartate], non-NMDA and estrogenic receptors in estradiol benzoate [EB] effects on kindled seizure parameters. Different groups of fully kindled male rats received either EB [30 microg /kg]; EB plus MK801 [2 mg/kg, as NMDA antagonist]; DNQX [7.5 mg/kg]; tamoxifen [TAM, 0.1 mg/kg, as non-NMDA antagonist] or intra-amygdala injection of anisomycine [30 mmol/ml, a protein synthesis inhibitor]. Kindled seizure parameters including after discharge duration [ADD] and stage 5 duration [S5D] were determined at 0.25 and 3 h post sesame oil [EB solvent] or EB treatment. While pretreatment with either MK801 or DNQXcould block the ADD prolongation induced by EB at 0.25 h, they had no effect on S5D prolongation at 3 h. Moreover, application of anisomycine or TAM had no effect on estradiol induced ADD and S5D prolongation. These results indicate that both NMDA and non-NMD A receptors could be involved in EB induced ADD prolongation. The observed short term non-estrogenic receptor or protein synthesis dependent effects of EB may provide a non-genomic mechanism for the stimulatory effects of the steroid on seizure activity