Detection of the prevalence and pathogenicity of clostridium perfringens and clostridium spiroforme associated diarrhoea in rabbits [with 5 tables]

A total of 140 rectal swabs, 20 of apparently healthy, 80 diarrhoeic rabbits and 40 freshly dead and sacrificed diarrhoeic rabbits 6-8 weeks old collected from EI-Minia and Assiut provinces. Collected samples were examined bacteriologically for prevalence and pathogenicity of clostridia. According to morphological characters and biochemical reactions. The incidence of C.perfringens and C.spiroforme were 55 [39.30%] and 10 [7.14%] respectively. There was variation between the prevalence rate of clostridia according to their general healthy condition, where was 3 [15%] in apparently healthy, 32 [40] in diarrhoeic rabbits while was 30 [75%] in dead and slaughtered diarrhoeic rabbits. For toxogenic and non-toxogenic type of C-perfringens, the incidence of toxigenic type was 45 [81.82%] while was 10 [18.18%] for nontoxigenic type. ToxIgenic type revealed that type "E" was the most predominant [71.11%], followed by type "A", "D" and "B" were [15.56%], [8.89%] and [4.45%] respectively. The pathogencity test of the isolates revealed high mortality of infected rabbits with C.perfringens type "E" reached to [75%] and [37.5%] for type "A", while reached to [62.5%] for C.spiroforme. All dead infected rabbits showed profuse watery diarrhoea and die within few first days after onset. Postmortem examination showed a varying degree of inflammation and ulcerative lesions on mucosal surface of caecum, colon and ileum while internal organs were congested and sometimes necrotic foci in liver. Sensitivity test of Clostridial strains against some antibiotics in vitro showed that, Ampcillin, Norfloxacin and Chloramphenicol were highly effective, while the strains were resistance to Streptomycin and Gentamycin

Studies on pasteurella multocida and other bacterial pathogens associated with some problems in duck farms in Assiut governorate [with 2 tables and 8 figures]

Pasteurella multocida [P. multocida] and several bacterial agents associated with some problems in ducks were investigated in different governmental and private farms at Assiut Governorate. Samples were taken from different tissues showing pathological evidence of infection such as liver, heart, trachea, lungs and spleen as well as from blood. All samples were subjected for bacterial, mycoplasma and viral isolation. It was found that the total percentages of isolated bacteria were [51.7%], P. multocida [25%], E. coli [16.87%], Campylobacter jejuni [3.3%], and mixed infection with P. multocida and E. coli [6.7%]. On the other hand, all examined samples were negative for mycoplasma and viruses. Moreover, experimental infection was carried out with isolated P. multocida in two weeks old ducks. After 72 h of infection, samples were taken for both bacterial isolation and histopathological examination. P. multocida was also isolated from experimentally infected ducks. When they subjected to the in vitro sensitivity tests, it was shown that they were highly sensitive to gentamycin, norfloxacin and oxytetracyclin. Among examined tissues of experimentally-infected ducks, liver, heart, brains and lungs showed multiple pathological changes. Thus, the present study has shown the role of P. multocida as a causative agent of some problems in duck farms at Assiut Governorate and their sensitivity for some antibiotics