RESUMEN
To analyze the effects of hyaluronidase and hirudoid treatment on drug extravasation in neonates. The medical records of 13 neonates with drug extravasation treated with hyaluronidase and hirudoid between August 1[st], 2010 and May 1[st], 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment procedure for drug extravasation adhered to the protocol in neonatal department The information including age, sex, weight, diagnosis, size of affected area, site of extravasation and treatment was collected. The extravasation injuries alleviated and the symptoms improved after treatment, no adverse drug effects were reported with use of hyaluronidase and hirudoid. The treatment appeared to be beneficial in the management of extravasations of various medications in neonates and may be useful in reducing the severity of cutaneous toxicosis. However, further studies with large samples are still needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of hyaluronidase and hirudoid
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the effects of p21-activated kinase 1 (Pakl) on embryonic vascular development and to discuss the underlying mechanisms. Methods In vitro transcription reactions were performed with the linearized PCS2-caPakl templates and SP6 RNA polymerase. Overexpression of constitutively active Pakl (caPakl) mRNA in one-cell stage embryos of zebrafish was achieved by microinjection. The morphological changes of the embryos were observed under an inverted microscope and the ultrastructure of vessel was confirmed by transmission electron microscope. PCS2-caPak1 was used to transfect into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via LipofectamineLTX; cell viability was tested by MTT based assay; and apoptosis of HUVECs was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V /7-AAD double-staining. Results Obvious cerebral hemorrhage was observed in the embryo of zebrafish at 30-36 h after fertilization, and the hemorrhage phenotype was observed in the caPakl overexpression group, with the incidence of hemorrhage being 25%-30%. In the caPakl overexpression group, transmission electron microscope found damaged vascular endothelial cells in the bleeding sites. Inverted microscope also showed abnormal morphology of cultured cells with caPakl overexpression, rounded up and started to detach from the dishes. MTT assay showed significantly decreased cell survival in the caPakl overexpression group (P<0. 0l), and flow cytometry demonstrated a significantly higher rate of cell apoptosis (P<0. 0l). Conclusion Pakl overexpression may affect embryonic vasculogenesis through inducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish.
RESUMEN
CaMPs are new genetically encoded calcium indicators based on a single fluorescent protein molecule with high calcium affinity. The fluorescence intensity of GCaMPs is proportional to intracellular calcium concentration. GCaMPs can be easily targeted and expressed in specific cells and cellular compartments, so as to make it possible for observing calcium-mediated signal transduction. GCaMPs can provide long-term in vivo imaging of calcium signals during development, disease, and drug therapy, making them promising tools for physiological, cytobiological and clinical studies.This paper summarized the principle, progression and application of GCaMPs, hoping to introduce a new calcium detection tool for further exploring the behavior and functions of cells under physiological and pathological states.