Gut microbiota and their metabolites and the outcome of ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

An increasing number of studies have shown that gut microbiota and their metabolites play an important role in the occurrence, development, and outcome of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the associations of gut microbiota and their metabolites with the outcome of ischemic stroke, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment strategies of ischemic stroke.

Prodromal Parkinson's disease and its socio-demographic characteristics among people aged 55 and above in four provinces of China / 环境与职业医学

Background China is witnessing an accelerated aging process and an increasingly serious situation of Parkinson's disease. Research on the pre-disease stage and its related influencing factors has gained more and more attention. Objective To analyze the current situation of prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) of people aged 55 years and above in four provinces of China, and to explore its influencing demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Methods Using the data of Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2020, a total of 10724 participants with complete data on demographic and socio-economic factors and risk factors on Parkinson's disease were selected. Based on the criteria recommended by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS), we evaluated risk level (i.e., post-test probability) of pPd, prevalence of possible or probable pPD, and number of pPD-related risk/prodromal markers in the participants. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing socio-demographic factors of risk level of pPd and prevalence of possible or probable pPD, and Poisson regression and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyze the influencing socio-demographic factors of the number of pPD-related risk/prodromal markers in the total sample, men, and women, respectively. Results The median (P25, P75) of post-test probability of pPD in 2020 was 0.78% (0.42%, 1.66%), the prevalence rate of possible or probable pPD was 0.34%, and 69.03% of the participants reported 3-5 pPD-related risk/prodromal markers. The post-test probabilities of men, those with older age, lower education level, per capita monthly household income < 1000 yuan, urban residency, or without active employment were higher (P<0.05). Men and being aged ≥ 75 years had a higher prevalence of possible or probable pPD (P<0.05). The OR of possible or probable pPD was 8.404 (95%CI: 2.839−24.879) in subjects aged ≥ 75 years versus those aged 55−64 years. Males, those without active employment, being less educated, with older age, and urban residents were more likely to report pPD-related risk/prodromal markers than those of the opposite groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Men, subjects aged ≥75 years, those with lower education level, urban residents, and those without active employment have higher risk levels of pPD and are more likely to report pPD-related risk/prodromal markers among people aged 55 years and above in the four provinces of China, poor economic situation is also associated with higher risk levels of pPD.

Effects of red meat and processed meat intake on prodromal Parkinson's disease in Chinese adults aged 55 and above: A prospective cohort study / 环境与职业医学

Background Gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), and dietary factors have a great impact on intestinal micro ecology. At present, few studies focus on red meat and PD, especially prodromal PD (pPD). Objective To understand the relationships of the intake of red meat and processed meat products with pPD and the number of risk/prodromal markers, and to explore the association of dietary factors with pPD. Methods Based on the data of Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2018 and 2020, adults aged 55 years and older with complete demographic information, dietary survey information, and information on risk factors related to PD were selected from four provinces of China. After excluding those reporting abnormal total energy intake or those reporting alcohol drinking or abused drugs for a long period of time, and confirmed mental diseases with prescribed drugs, a total of 10003 subjects were included. Food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the intake of red meat and processed meat products. The pPD-related risk/prodromal markers were selected following the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society criteria for pPD, and the risk level and the number of markers of pPD were then calculated. The relationship between the intake of red meat and processed meat and the risk level of pPD was analyzed by multiple linear regression. The relationship between the intake of red meat and processed meat and the pPD marker number groups was analyzed by multinomial logit regression model. Results In 2018, the intake of red meat and processed meat was 28.57 g·d−1 in the target population. In 2020, the median of the number of risk/prodromal markers was 3, and the median M (P25, P75) of the posterior probability of pPD was 0.74% (0.42%, 1.49%). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the higher the intake of red meat and processed meat, the higher the risk level of pPD in follow-up (b=0.021, P<0.05). The multiple logit regression model showed that compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), the highest quartile (Q4) group of red meat and processed meat intake were more likely reporting 3−5 risk/prodromal markers than ≤ 2 risk/prodromal markers (OR=1.185, 95%CI: 1.015−1.382). Conclusion The intake level of red meat and processed meat is related to the risk level of pPD, and a higher intake of red meat and processed meat may be a potential risk factor of pPD.

Effects of dairy products intake on prodromal Parkinson's disease in Chinese adults aged 55 and above: A prospective cohort study / 环境与职业医学

Background It has been reported that a high intake of dairy products might be associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in foreign studies, but no such study has yet been conducted on prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) and the Chinese population. Objective To investigate the prospective relationship between the intake of dairy products and pPD among people aged 55 and above in four provinces of China. Methods The research data were obtained from the baseline 2018 and follow-up 2020 surveys of Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease. A total of 9984 residents were selected who participated in both waves of surveys and had complete data on demographics, dietary products intake, and risk factors for PD. We evaluated the risk level and the numbers of related risk/prodromal markers of pPD in the participants based on a criteria recommended by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS). Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to obtain food consumption data in the past 12 months, and the intake of dairy products was calculated and divided into non-consumption and tertiles of consumption (T1, T2, and T3 from low to high). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between baseline dairy intake and risk level of follow-up pPD. Poisson regression and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyze the relationship of baseline dairy products and the number of risk/prodromal markers of follow-up pPD in the population, and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze each risk/prodromal marker of follow-up pPD according to baseline levels of dairy products intake. Results The percentage of residents without dairy products consumption was 58.02% in 2018, and the dairy products intakes were relatively high among residents being female, aged 55 to 74 years, with an education level of middle school and above, with a per capita monthly household income ≥ 1000 yuan, living in urban areas, and without active employment (P<0.05). The median risk level of pPD was 0.74% in 2020, and the proportion of residents with 3 to 5 markers was 66.74%. The multiple linear regression analysis results suggested no association between baseline dairy intake and follow-up risk level of pPD. The Poisson regression model showed that the high dairy products intake group at baseline (T3, median=250.00 g·d−1) was found to be 1.159 (95%CI: 1.065~1.261, Ptrend<0.001) times more likely to have the risk/prodromal markers of pPD at follow-up than non-consumers. When the number of markers was grouped, no statistically significant association was found by multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Although high dairy products intake levels might be associated with pPD risk/prodromal markers among people aged 55 and above in four provinces of China, no direct association is found between dairy products intake and pPD risk levels in this study.

Influence of baseline cognitive function on risk of prodromal Parkinson's disease in Chinese adults aged 55 and older: A prospective cohort study / 环境与职业医学

Background Changes in cognitive function exist before the onset of clinical Parkinson's disease. However, studies on association between cognitive function and prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) are limited. Objective To estimate probability of pPD and assess its association with global and domain cognitive function in Chinese elders. Methods Data were drawn from the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease 2018 (baseline) and 2020 (follow-up). We selected 3911 residents aged 55 and above who participated the two waves, without Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and with completed information on demographics, disease history, cognitive function test, and risk factors of Parkinson's disease. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Calculation of probability of pPD and assessment of possible (probability between 30% and <80%) or probable (probability ≥80%) pPD were performed according to the criteria published by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the association between baseline cognitive function and follow-up probability of pPD. Results The medians of scores of baseline global cognitive function and cognitive domains in terms of memory, execution, visuospatial function, language, attention, and orientation were 23, 12, 9, 6, 5, 14, and 6, respectively. The median of follow-up probability of pPD was 0.87%, and the proportion of participants with possible or probable pPD was 0.4%. The differences in the distribution of follow-up probability of pPD were significant in groups by baseline global cognitive score quartiles (χ2=21.68, P<0.001). A higher baseline global cognitive score was considerably related to a lower follow-up probability of pPD, b(95%CI)=0.994(0.988~0.999), P=0.040. After adjusting for selected confounders, the results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that the probability of pPD in the highest quartile group was decreased by 10.7% (b=0.893, 95%CI: 0.794-0.992, P=0.034) relative to the lowest quartile group, and the trend was significant (trend P=0.031). Higher baseline index scores of execution, attention, and orientation were highly related to a lower follow-up probability of pPD (all P<0.05). Conclusion Declines in global cognitive function and cognitive domains of execution, attention, and orientation may associate with a higher probability of pPD in middle-aged and elderly population, which suggests the significance of cognitive intervention in early stage for pPD prevention.

Pulmonary endothelium-targeted nanoassembly of indomethacin and superoxide dismutase relieves lung inflammation

Lung inflammation is an essential inducer of various diseases and is closely related to pulmonary-endothelium dysfunction. Herein, we propose a pulmonary endothelium-targeted codelivery system of anti-inflammatory indomethacin (IND) and antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) by assembling the biopharmaceutical SOD onto the "vector" of rod-like pure IND crystals, followed by coating with anti-ICAM-1 antibody (Ab) for targeting endothelial cells. The codelivery system has a 237 nm diameter in length and extremely high drug loading of 39% IND and 2.3% SOD. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies demonstrate the extended blood circulation and the strong pulmonary accumulation of the system after intravenous injection in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory murine model. Particularly, the system allows a robust capacity to target pulmonary endothelium mostly due to the rod-shape and Ab coating effect. In vitro, the preparation shows the synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LPS-activated endothelial cells. In vivo, the preparation exhibits superior pharmacodynamic efficacy revealed by significantly downregulating the inflammatory/oxidative stress markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the lungs. In conclusion, the codelivery system based on rod-like pure crystals could well target the pulmonary endothelium and effectively alleviate lung inflammation. The study offers a promising approach to combat pulmonary endothelium-associated diseases.

Etiological characteristics of an outbreak of Campylobacter foodborne disease in a middle school / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the etiological characteristics of an outbreak of Campylobacter foodborne disease in a middle school in Suzhou City, so as to provide insights into the identification of pathogenic factors of Campylobacter foodborne disease outbreaks.@*Methods@#Eighteen anal swabs from patients, 10 anal swabs from canteen workers, 43 food samples, 2 drinking water samples, 2 food original material samples and 31 environmental samples were collected, and the pathogens were rapidly screened using the gastrointestinal infection detection strip. The pathogens were isolated and cultured using the double-pore filtration membrane method, and cluster analysis of bacterial isolates was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ). In addition, the susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates to antibiotics was tested using the Campylobacter agar dilution method.@*Results@#A total of 63 cases with Campylobacter infections were reported, and the major clinical symptoms included diarrhea ( 51 cases, 80.95% ) and fever ( 39 cases, 61.90% ), while no inpatients or deaths were found. Twelve Campylobacter-positive samples were detected, including 11 anal swabs sampled from patients and one food original material sample. Among the 11 positive anal swabs, there were 10 samples positive for Campylobacter jejuni and one sample positive for C. coli, and of the one positive food original material, C. coli was identified. PFGE analysis showed that 10 C. jejuni isolates of had 100.0% homology, and these 10 isolates were 100.0% resistant to naphthyridic acid, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, appearing multidrug resistance.@*Conclusions@#This is an outbreak of foodborne disease caused by C. jejuni infections. Gastrointestinal infection detection strips, double-pore filtration membrane and PFGE typing are rapid and accurate to identify pathogenic factors.

Repair of blood-brain barrier by hyperbaric oxygen via autophagy in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment on the expression of autophagy protein microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 in cerebral vascular endothelial cells of rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to explore the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen in repairing blood-brain barrier in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods A total of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operated group (n=12), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) model group (n=18), hyperbaric oxygen group (n=12) and inhibitor group (n=12). The CIRI model was made by a suture method in the model group, hyperbaric oxygen group and inhibitor group. The hyperbaric oxygen group and inhibitor group accepted hyperbaric oxygen, and the inhibitor group injected 3-methyladenine in lateral cerebral ventricle before treatment. They were stained with Evans blue and Evans blue content in the infarct area was detected 72 hours after CIRI. Double immunofluorescent staining was used to observe the expression of LC3 in vascular endothelial cells marked with CD31 in the model group, and LC3-II and Beclin-1 in infarcted cortical microvascular were examined by Western blotting in all the groups.Results Compared with the sham operation group, Evans blue content in the infarct area was significantly higher in the model group (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the content of Evans blue in the infarct area decreased significantly in hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.01); compared with the hyperbaric oxygen group, the content of Evans blue in the infarct area was significantly higher in the inhibitor group (P < 0.05). There was obvious expression of LC3 in CD31+ cells. The expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ in the infarcted area were significantly higher in the model groupt than in the sham operation group (P<0.01); and it was significantly higher in the hyperbaric oxygen group than in the model group (P<0.05) and was lower in the inhibitor group than in the hyperbaric oxygen group and model group (P < 0.01).Conclusion Autophagy exists in vascular endothelial cells in the injured area of rats with CIRI. Hyperbaric oxygen can upregulate the expression of autophagy proteins LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in vascular endothelial cells in the infarcted area, to promote repairing blood-brain barrier.

Intracellular codelivery of anti-inflammatory drug and anti-miR 155 to treat inflammatory disease

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease occurring at the arterial subendothelial space. Macrophages play a critical role in the initiation and development of AS. Herein, targeted codelivery of anti-miR 155 and anti-inflammatory baicalein is exploited to polarize macrophages toward M2 phenotype, inhibit inflammation and treat AS. The codelivery system consists of a carrier-free strategy (drug-delivering-drug, DDD), fabricated by loading anti-miR155 on baicalein nanocrystals, named as baicalein nanorods (BNRs), followed by sialic acid coating to target macrophages. The codelivery system, with a diameter of 150 nm, enables efficient intracellular delivery of anti-miR155 and polarizes M1 to M2, while markedly lowers the level of inflammatory factors and . In particular, intracellular fate assay reveals that the codelivery system allows for sustained drug release over time after internalization. Moreover, due to prolonged blood circulation and improved accumulation at the AS plaque, the codelivery system significantly alleviates AS in animal model by increasing the artery lumen diameter, reducing blood pressure, promoting M2 polarization, inhibiting secretion of inflammatory factors and decreasing blood lipids. Taken together, the codelivery could potentially be used to treat vascular inflammation.

Research progress on the relationship between dietary nutrition, lifestyle and depression / 中华流行病学杂志

Depression jeopardizes human health and brings heavy burden to both related families and societies. However, pathogenesis of depression has not been fully clarified yet. Previous studies show that there are some connections seen between dietary factors and depression, which are affected by various lifestyles. This paper aims at providing evidence for the prevention and treatment of depression by evaluating the relationships between factors as nutrients, dietary patterns, lifestyle and depression, based on the published literature.

Dietary sodium intake of adult residents in 15 provinces of China in 2015 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the status of dietary sodium intake of Chinese adult residents in fifteen provinces in 2015.@*Methods@#Data were collected from 2015 China Nutrition Transition Cohort Study. This cohort study used a three consecutive 24-h retrospective method to record food intake and weighing method to record household condiment consumption. In this study, 14 847 residents aged 18 years and over with complete data from 15 provinces in 2015 were selected for the comparison of dietary sodium intake (median) with different characteristics.@*Results@#Among the 14 847 residents, 47.1% were males, and the rural and northern residents accounted for 60.1% and 37.7%, respectively. Median sodium intake was 3 960.0 mg/d among residents in 2015. The sodium intake of males (4 272.1 mg/d) was higher than that of females (3 716.6 mg/d). Across age subgroups, sodium intake was highest among residents aged 45-59 years (4 257.0 mg/d; 18-44 years old, 3 867.1 mg/d; ≥60 years old, 3 799.0 mg/d). Sodium intake was higher in rural area (4 042.9 mg/d) than in urban area (3 866.8 mg/d), higher in north (4 229.2 mg/d) than in south (3 806.8 mg/d) (all P values <0.05). 11.8% of residents with dietary sodium intake were below 2 000 mg/d. The main sources of dietary sodium were condiments (79.4%), regular cooking foods (11.9%) and processed foods (8.7%). Among the condiments, the salt and soy sauce accounted for 63.6% and 10.4%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#In 2015, Chinese adult residents had higher dietary sodium intake with gender and regional differences. Condiments were the main source of dietary sodium.

Biological characteristics of three kinds of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The placental tissue structure is complex, including the amniotic membrane, chorion, and decidua from the mother. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of the same placenta have been reported to have similar biological characteristics. To date, there is no study regarding quantitative comparison of differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of human placenta. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological characteristics including differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of human placenta. METHODS: The amnion-, chorion-, and decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the placental tissue of a baby boy by enzymatic digestion method. The biological characteristics of these three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells were systematically investigated including cell morphology, immunophenotypes, karyotypeanalysis, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and Treg cells proliferation capacity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells showed fibroblast-like morphology and expressed the surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells with high expressions of CD73, CD90 and CD105, as well as low expressions of CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. The karyotypes of the amnion-and chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells were the same as the fetus, and decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the same karyotype as the mother. There were significant differences in adipogenic differentiation capacity between three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells (amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells> chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells> decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells; P < 0.05). In contrast, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells was remarkably higher than that of decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05). The amnion-and chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the higher potential of Treg cell proliferation induction than decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These findings indicate that three sources of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells have different karyotypes, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory capability, providing a variety of ideal seed cell sources for disease treatment.

Biological characteristics of three kinds of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The placental tissue structure is complex, including the amniotic membrane, chorion, and decidua from the mother. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of the same placenta have been reported to have similar biological characteristics. To date, there is no study regarding quantitative comparison of differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of human placenta. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological characteristics including differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of human placenta. METHODS: The amnion-, chorion-, and decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the placental tissue of a baby boy by enzymatic digestion method. The biological characteristics of these three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells were systematically investigated including cell morphology, immunophenotypes, karyotypeanalysis, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and Treg cells proliferation capacity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells showed fibroblast-like morphology and expressed the surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells with high expressions of CD73, CD90 and CD105, as well as low expressions of CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. The karyotypes of the amnion-and chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells were the same as the fetus, and decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the same karyotype as the mother. There were significant differences in adipogenic differentiation capacity between three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells (amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells> chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells> decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells; P < 0.05). In contrast, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells was remarkably higher than that of decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05). The amnion-and chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the higher potential of Treg cell proliferation induction than decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These findings indicate that three sources of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells have different karyotypes, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory capability, providing a variety of ideal seed cell sources for disease treatment.

Study of voice disorder based on acoustic assessment in Parkinson's disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To analyze the acoustic features of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD),and to explore the correlation between the acoustic features and the severity and course of disease.Methods Fifty-two patients with PD from the Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical University and the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from August to December 2015 were enrolled into this study.Thirty-two age-matched healthy people served as control group.PD patients were tested with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging.And all the patients were tested with Mini-Mental State Examiantion (MMSE) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI).The voice samples of all subjects were collected and the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer),and harmonic-to-noise ratio (NHR) were analyzed using a vocal assessment.Fundamental frequency (F0),standard deviation of fundamental frequency (SDF0) and formant ratio (F2i/F2u) were analyzed using a real-time speech measuring instrument.The acoustic parameters of the two groups were compared and the correlation between the parameters of the patients and the disease and course of disease was analyzed.Results Subjective assessment using VHI showed a total of 24 VHI abnormalities (46％) in the PD group,including 13 males (54％),11 females (46％).No VHI abnormalities were found in the control group.Among the parameters analyzed by objective acoustic method,compared with the control group (female/a/1.43(1.19,1.92),/i/3.39(1.49,9.85),/u/1.46(1.23,3.85);male/a/1.06(0.92,1.89),/u/1.30(1.07,1.64)),the SDF0 of the three vowels of the female patients in the PD group (/a/2.99(1.81,4.12),Z=5.429,P＜0.01;/i/10.89(5.47,22.20),Z=8.487,P＜0.01;/u/5.16(3.75,7.80),Z=7.138,P＜0.01) and /a/ and /u/ of the male patients in the PD group (/a/2.16(1.73,2.94),Z=4.858,P=0.002;/u/3.70(2.41,5.43),Z=7.664,P＜0.01) were significantly increased,and the F2i/F2u in the PD group (male 1.96±0.84,female 1.81± 1.14) was lower than that in the control group (male 3.48±0.70,female 4.14± 1.08),and the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.669,-6.844,P＜0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in frequency perturbation,amplitude perturbation,harmonic noise ratio and fundamental frequency.Only the fundamental frequency standard deviation of the sound parameters used in the study was correlated with the disease course of PD patients.After the severity of the disease was assessed by H-Y staging,the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer) in the middle and late stage patients were higher than those in the early stage patients,and the difference of frequency perturbation in the three vowels was statistically significant,and the difference of amplitude perturbation in the vowels/i/and/u/was statistically significant.No correlation was found between the acoustic parameters and UPDRS score.Conclusions Consonance disorders are common in PD patients,and the changes in acoustic parameters are mainly manifested as the increase in the SDF0 and the decrease in the F2i/F2u.Acoustic parameters can be used as an effective indicator to evaluate the condition and course of PD patients,and further language tasks need to be added to clarify.

"Balint group" performed as core skill course of doctor-patient communication in general practice residents standardized training program / 中华全科医师杂志

Communication between doctors and patients is an important way to establish good doctorpatient relationship.It is crucial to master doctor-patient communication skills and arts for general practitioners who will extensively serve the people in community for life-long time after completion of residency training.To improve the communication skills and to enhance the clinical competency of general practitioners,we applied the Balint special group activities as core of doctor-patient communication course in residency training program.Through 3 years of practice,we found that the application of Balint group enriched the teaching contents and form of general practice residency training;improved doctor-patient communication skills,and enhanced the competency and professionalism of general practice trainees.

Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Wake-promoting and Expression of γ-aminobutyric Acid b1 Receptor in Prefrontal Cortex of Coma Rats post Traumatic Brain Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the wake-promoting effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on coma rats after traumatic brain in-jury (TBI), and the related mechanism. Methods A total of 168 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group, TBI group, antagonist group and VNS group, 42 rats in each group. The latter three groups were established TBI model with impact, and the rats in coma at least 30 minutes were included. VNS group accepted VNS, the antagonist group were injected intralateroventricularly Orexin A receptor 1 (OXR1) antagonist SB334867, and TBI group accepted sham VNS. Their behaviors were observed to determine the level of con-sciousness six, twelve and 24 hours after intervention, while the expression ofγ-aminobutyric acid b1 receptor (GABAb1R) in prefrontal cortex was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results There were 42 rats in the blank group, 11 rats in TBI group, 13 rats in the antagonist group, and 28 rats in VNS group awakened finally. The expression of GABAb1R in prefrontal cortex ranged as TBI group, antagonist group, blank group and VNS group from more to less twelve and 24 hours after intervention under Western blotting (F>60.412, P<0.001), and it ranged as TBI group, antagonist group, VNS group and blank group under immunohistochemistry (H=15.121, P=0.002), with no significant difference among time points (H=3.028, P=0.220). Conclusion VNS can promote waking from coma in rats after TBI, which may relate with the decrease of GABAb1R in prefrontal cortex that induced by Orexin A.

MRI detection method for human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation model in nude mice / 中国药科大学学报

@#The study aims to establish a human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation model in nude mice and to use 7T MRI for detection. After poorly differentiated human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were injected subcutaneosly into the right flanks of nude mice, the model of in nude mice was established with orthotopic transplanted cancer of gastric tumor by the Compont® gel pasted method. 7T MRI scan was conducted on the mice after operating model about 20 days later. Histopathological examinations were carried out on the stomach. Two of three mice on which 7T MRI scan were performed showed visible suspected stomach tumor and their presence was verified again by histopathological examinations; tumor formation rate in the nude mice gastric orthotopic transplantation model was 66. 7%. This study suggested that 7T MRI could be used in the live detection of in situ tumor and that MRI could be used for pre-clinical gastric cancer drug development and clinical gastric carcinoma diagnosis.

Pre-packaged foods' nutritional ingredients analysis among 706 adult residents in cities in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the nutritional ingredients of daily consumed pre-packaged foods in Chinese adult residents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October to December 2013, the nutrition labels of pre-packaged foods consumed in continuous 7 days by 706 adult residents were collected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling in 18 communities with 360 households in 9 cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenyang, Haerbin,Jinan,Zhengzhou, Changsha and Nanning. The contents of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium and the percentages of low-fat and low-sodium foods were compared among 7 different kinds of foods including baked foods, convenient foods, leisure foods, puffed foods, milk, beverages and seasonings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>871 kinds of pre-packaged foods were collected. The median (min, max) of energy contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were 2 155(1 638-2 785) kJ/100 g, 1 980 (582-2 639) kJ/100 g, 1 575 (353-3 015) kJ/100 g respectively. The median (min, max) of fat contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were 30.0 (5.0-40.9) g/100 g, 20.5 (0.3-40.5) g/100 g, 15.1 (0-71.4) g/100 g respectively. The contents of carbohydrate of baked foods, convenient foods and puffed foods were high relatively, the medians (min, max) of which were 58.1(19.8-82.5), 56.5(0-90.7), and 56.1(42.6-75.8)g/100 g respectively. The sodium content of seasoning was the highest, which was 2 177 (20-12 000) mg/100 g. The protein content of beverage was the lowest, which was 0.4(0-17.8)g/100 ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The energy and fat contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were high. The carbohydrate contents of baked foods, convenient foods and puffed foods were high relatively. The sodium content of seasonings was high. The protein contents of beverages were low.</p>

Correlation between serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted cytokines in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the serum levels and correlation between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted cytokines (RANTES) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Forty-four CHB patients (CHB group)and 30 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled in this study.The venous blood was collected and serum MIF and RANTES levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Correlation between MIF and RANTES was analyzed in CHB group.Results The serum MIF and RANTES levels in CHB group were significantly higher than those in control group [(8.48 ± 1.70) μ g/L vs.(1.99 ± 2.38) μ g/L,(3.94 ±2.38) μ g/L vs.(0.33 ± 0.15) μ g/L,P =0.000].There was no correlation between MIF level and RANTES level(r =0.212,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions The serum MIF and RANTES levels are significantly increased in patients with CHB,but there is no correlation.The participation pathogenesis way of CHB is different.

Gene diagnosis of X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda / 中华检验医学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular pathogenesis of a pedigree of X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia atarda (SEDL) and to establish methods of gene diagnosis. Methods Clinical diagnosis was made based on height measurement, radiological examination and pedigree analysis. Peripheral blood samples of relevant family members were collected. After genomic DNA extraction, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed with DNA sequencing was used to detect SEDL gene exons 36. Microsatellite marker DXS16 was selected for linkage analysis. Results The abnormal electrophoretic bands were detected in exon 4 of probands by PCR-SSCP. A c. 218C ＞ T mutation in exon 4 of SEDL gene was found in three probands, which resulted in a change in amino acid sequence S37L. The heterozygous exon 4 mutation was identified in three carriers, but not in healthy individuals, and no mutations were detect in exon 3, 5 and 6 of probands. Three unmarried young females (Ⅲ10, Ⅳ6 and Ⅳ7) were found to harbor the mutation by DNA sequencing analysis. ConclusionsA c. 218C ＞ T missense mutation in exon 4 of SEDL gene is the cause of molecular pathogenesis of the pedigree. SSCP and DNA sequencing can be used for prenatal gene diagnosis.