Morphometric and histological changes in ovaries of prepubertal rats after gamma irradiation

Purpose: to analyze the morphometric changes, including diameter of ovary and oocytes in ovarian follicles as well as histological changes in these follicles in prepubertal rats after exposure to gamma radiation

Materials and Methods: 108 albino rats of 3wks age were the subjects of this study. Out of them, randomly chosen 36 animals received 4.5Gy and next 36 received 8.3Gy of gamma radiation, while rest of them received sham radiation. Ovaries of animals were dissected out 2hrs, 4hrs, 6hrs, one day, 7days and 14days after irradiation. Micrometry was performed for diameter of ovaries and oocytes in ovarian follicles. Histological examination of five random sections of each ovary was performed

Results: there was a dose related reduction in mean diameter of ovary and diameter of oocyte in primordial and primary follicles within 7 days. Oocytes in primordial and primary follicles also showed necrotic changes within 7days. Granulosa cells in primary follicles showed intense apoptosis during first six hours, followed by necrosis and development of cystic cavities containing remnants of oocyte and granulosa cells. Apoptosis, necrosis and cyst formation were not observed in granulosa cells of primordial follicles

Conclusion: therefore, it is concluded that gamma ionizing radiation induces reduction in diameter of ovaries and oocytes of primordial and primary follicles. It causes necrosis of oocytes and sequential changes including intense apoptosis and necrotic degeneration of granulosa cells in primary follicles leading to formation of abundant follicular cysts. It induces intense reduction in ovarian follicular reserve

Sex differences in sacra in the Punjab region

Seventy four sacra in the Punjab region of Pakistan were studied; these were collected from the Departments of Anatomy, Fatima Jinnah Medical College [FJMC], Services Institute of Medical Sciences [SIMS] and Combined Military Hospital Medical Colleges [CMHMC], Lahore. Various Points on the sacra were demarked and seven different parameters were measured and the percentage of bones identified by the demarking points [DP]. The data of the Punjab region, thus was collected was compared with data available from the Agra region, India. Among the measurements recorded, it was noticed that the demarking points of length of sacrum and its surface were reliable for sex differentiation. Furthermore, the sacral and the auricular indices were most dependable for determining the sex of the sacra, accuracy is 100%, any single parameter may not identify sex of the bones in 100% cases

Anatomical variations; the origin of profunda femoris artery, its branches and diameter of the femoral artery

Profunda femoris artery and its circumflex branches are encountered during cannulation of femoral artery for various clinical and diagnostic techniques. To study the variations in the origin of the profunda femoris artery and its circumflex branches along with measurement of internal diameter of femoral artery. Cadaveric studies. Anatomy Departments of Fatima Jinnah Medical College and Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. From 04-08-06 to 30-06-07. In 20 adult male cadavers, 40 femoral triangles were dissected and femoral artery, profunda femoris artery and its branches were exposed. The distance of origin of the profunda femoris artery from the mid point of inguinal ligament and the origin of the circumflex arteries from the profunda femoris were measured by a scale and radial caliper. The internal diameter of femoral artery was recorded with radial caliper after injecting it with gelatin and undiluted Indian ink. In 12 to 14 cases the origin of the profunda femoris artery was located between 20-40 mm from mid point of the inguinal ligament. In 6-8 cases profunda femoris originated lower down in the thigh than the common location. Only in one case the medial circumflex artery was seen emerging from the femoral artery at the level of origin of profunda femoris artery. In one case lateral circumflex artery originated directly from the femoral artery unilaterally. The internal diameter of the femoral artery ranged between 6-10 mm

sagittal diameter of lumbar vertebral canal in dult Pakistani women and men

An osteometric study of anteroposterior diameter of lumbar vertebral canal and intervertebral foramina was carried out among 50 adult Pakistani males and females. The results were compared with findings from Nigeria and the comparisons of results reveal that the mid sagittal diameter of the canal is subject to racial variations, which is dependent primarily on the thickness and orientation of the lamina and to a lesser extent on the height of the pedicle. The importance and significance of these findings are discussed

Comparative effects of two types of ginseng on liver

This study was undertaken to check the comparative changes in the liver of guinea pigs, induced by the soxhlet water extracts of Pakistan and Korean Ginseng. Two types of ginseng were given orally to eight animals in each group for a period of two months. In both the groups, although no changes were observed on gross examination of liver specimens, yet the histological examination revealed intercellular fat droplet accumulation, glycogen depletion, occasional round cell infiltration and mild to moderate congestion. These histological changes were also significant between the treatment groups. The morpho metric analysis regarding the number of necrosed hepatocytes and the number of portal lobules in a given area and the area of portal lobules statistically signify that the long standing intake of ginseng should be avoided, although its short term use may be indicated in preventing the normally occurring wear and tear in the liver