10-year trend of TB rate in west Azerbaijan province, Iran from 2001 to 2010

The present study aimed to explore some risk factors affected the mean of the number of tuberculosis [TB] in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran between 2001 and 2010. Our time series study analyzed the data of 2,560 TB patients as registered with TB Patients Care System in West Azerbaijan Province from early 2001 to 2010. A checklist was prepared for collecting the data and they were then analyzed in SPSS V.16 software. The percentage of male and percentage of female were close to each other [52.2% against 47.8%, respectively]. A significant increasing trend of TB rate was found over the years of 2001and 2010 with a pick at 2008 [P<0.001]. A Poisson log-linear analysis showed that the most important risk factor of the trend of rate was the level of education so that people with primary level or with illiterate level had a statistically significant TB rate of 5.21 [4.66-5.81], adjusted for years. The next risk factor was type of TB and place of residency, i.e., pulmonary TB cases had higher rate than External pulmonary TB cases [RR=1.67; [1.54-1.80]. The last factor with the lowest risk was BCG with RR=1.29 [1.20-1.40] for people who received BCG compared to the people who had not received it. Although the co morbidity of AIDS and TB was not a major problem, it is necessary that special attention be paid to the way of implementing the TB control program based on the demographic risk factors of the study population

relation between nursing administration's self-confidence and the staff's vocational satisfaction

Self-confidence is a glorious feature of an effective administrator. Their main goal is the organizational success. Therefore, we approached this idea by evaluating the self-confidence of nursing Administration in Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] Teaching Hospitals and its relation to vocational satisfaction of the staff. In a cross-sectional study, we interviewed 200 nursing administrators and 200 staff in different departments of the TUMS Teaching Hospitals using a standardized questionnaire to assess the self-confidence among nursing administrators and staff satisfaction. Data were entered in SPSS [17.0] and analyzed using this software and STATA [11.0] using non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation of coefficient. The significant level was set as P<0.05. Of 200 nursing administrators 58 [29%] were male and 142 [71%] were female. Mean +/- SD of the self-confidence score for the nursing administrators was 134.9 +/- 19.8. Among the staff 68 [34%] were male and 132 [66%] were female. The mean +/- SD of the vocational satisfaction for staff was 89.12 +/- 18.3. After considering the effect of departments in a regression model, the correlation between nursing administration's self-confidence and the staff's vocational satisfaction was found not significant [P=0.055]. Gender and years of employment were the only factors affecting self-confidence and vocational satisfaction between the nursing administration and staff respectively, which not significantly correlated after adjustment

[Internal evaluation department of speech therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences]

Internal evaluation is an important part of organization monitoring. One of the Ministry of Health's policies is to encourage educational departments to conduct internal evaluations. The aim of internal evaluation of department of speech therapy was appraising its education, research and treatment qualities and determining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats [SWOTs] to identify the ways of overcoming weakness and threats. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 phases to evaluate 10 factors. Participants were undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students, academic staff, director of the department along with the patients. The internal evaluation software for educational and research centers released by Center of Medical Education Studies and Development was modified and utilized. Data was analyzed by calculating mean of means. Mean of means from highest to lowest scores were respectively as follows: the quality of diagnosis, treatment and dealing with patients 4.15 out of 5; as well as the quality of academic staff 3.5 were in the range of desirable category; qualities of management and organizational structure 3.34, graduate students 3.21, teaching and learning processes 3.1, missions and goals 3.09, instructional methods and curriculum models 2.99, educational and research equipments 2.9, students 2.76 and research 2.67 were within the range of rather desirable category. Total score was 3.17 [63.4%] which was within the range of rather desirable category. The department of speech therapy was in rather desirable state before merger. That result was appropriate according to the department's conditions and supplies.

[Internal evaluation in Department of Health Care Management in School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences]

The internal evaluation is a process to improve the quality of the education using the collection and judgment of data. Considering some principles about educational measurement and data collection causes better recognizing of this process. In this study, we conducted the internal evaluation of Department of Health Care Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, which is responsible for training healthcare management students; in this study, we used the opinion poll of university lecturers, students and graduates, and evaluated their system of education in 2006, Their aim was to remodel and adjust their educational system with the society's needs and to promote the quality of such education. The methodology was descriptive and cross sectional that implemented applied manner in 2006 and in Department of Health Care Management. All the research population filled a questionnaire with these factors considered with criteria and indicators: missions' statement and goals; management and organizational structure; faculty board members; students; training and learning process: educational course and curriculum; graduated students; educational and research facilities and equipments; and research. At least, gathered data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and SPSS software tools. In findings, maximum utility was faculty board members factor with 3.53 out of 5 points [70%], and minimum utility was for research factor with 2.4 of 5 points [36.6%]. Consideration of factors, studied educational faculty was rather utilized. The analysis of SWOTs show that studied educational school can obtain upper points in later evaluations

Fetal laceration injury at caesarean delivery

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, type, location, and risk factors of accidental fetal lacerations during caesarean delivery. Total deliveries, caesarean deliveries, and neonatal records for documented accidental fetal lacerations were reviewed retrospectively in four university hospital. The gestational age, the presenting part of the fetus, the type of incision, and maternal age and parity were recorded. Caesarean deliveries were divided into elective and emergency procedures. Fetal lacerations were grouped according to the location and the need for surgical intervention. Of 19217 deliveries, 8840 women were delivered by caesarean birth [46%]. Neonatal records documented 87 accidental fetal lacerations. Of these accidental lacerations, 16 needed surgical repair and 62 recovered by dressing. Head and neck was the most common site of laceration [64.1%]. The overall rate of accidental fetal laceration per caesarean delivery was 0.88%. The rate of emergency caesarean was 45 [56.69%] and for elective procedures was 33 [42.4%]. The risk for fetal accidental laceration was higher in foetuses who underwent emergency caesarean birth [P<0.001]. Fetal accidental laceration may occur during caesarean delivery and its incidence is significantly higher during emergency caesarean delivery. The patient should be counselled about the occurrence of fetal laceration during caesarean delivery to avoid litigation

[Internal evaluation of audiology department, faculty of rehabilitation, Tehran university of medical sciences, Iran]

Internal Evaluation means assessment of abilities and potentials. To promote the quality of education, research, health and finally rehabilitation is one of the most important roles and responsibilities of the universities. Promotion of quality of the theoretical and practical education for the Audiology students provides this major with its final goal that is to serve society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats [SWOTs] of the Audiology department and to identify the ways of diminishing weaknesses and threats. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduates, postgraduates, graduates, academic staff, and the director of Audiology department in 9 areas, including management flowchart, educational programs, instructional methods and curriculum models, students, educational areas and equipments, graduate, academic staff, research, and treatment. Data were collected by questionnaires. Results were analyzed descriptively and were expressed in raw and percentage. The scores of areas in two measures were as follows: management flowchart 4.36 [87.31%], educational programs 4.17 [83.58%], instructional methods and curriculum models 4.01 [80.26%], students 3.43 [68.60%], educational areas and equipment 3.60 [72.11%], from the view of undergraduates, post graduates, faculties, graduates 3.60 [72.03%], academic staff 4.03 [80.6%], research 3.52 [70.4%], and treatment 4.54 [90.80%]. The highest score was, therefore, of the treatment area and the lowest belonged to the educational area and equipments. The score of the Audiology department, as the main factor was 3.89 out of 5 which was 77.88%. Audiology group total score indicates the desirable status that can be promoted to the most desirable if SWOTs are considered