RESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a curve of weekly serum levels of adiponectin and leptin among pregnant adolescents. In addition, pregestational body mass index and weight gain were assessed and correlated with the serum concentration of these molecules. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study, including only pregnant adolescents with eutrophic pre-gestational body mass index who were weekly followed during the evolution of gestation. The serum concentrations of adipokines were determined using commercial ELISA kits and were correlated to pre-gestational body mass index and pregnancy weight gain. A total of 157 pregnant women participated in this study. RESULTS: Adiponectin levels showed a significant decrease among the trimesters (p=0.0004). However, we did not observe significant differences among its levels when compared weekly, neither of which was between adiponectin concentration and pre-gestational body mass index or weight gain (p=0.36 and p=0.10, respectively). In contrast, we detected a significant increase in weekly serum leptin levels (p<0.0001), positively correlated to both pre-gestational body mass index and weight gain (p=0.003 and p=0.0007, respectively). CONCLUSION: These adipokines present a different profile throughout adolescent pregnancy.
RESUMEN
Atualmente, a obesidade e as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são frequentes na população em geral, em especial no gênero feminino. O objetivo desse estudo consistiu em avaliar o perfil nutricional e o risco para DCV em mulheres fisicamente ativas. Participaram da pesquisa 70 mulheres, em sua maioria, adultas e que frequentavam um grupo de exercícios aeróbicos regulares. Foram aferidas medidas de peso, altura, pressão arterial, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), razão-cintura estatura (RCE), além de inquérito dietético por meio do dia alimentar habitual. As variáveis foram analisadas através de razão de prevalências e correlação. Quanto ao perfil nutricional, a maior parte encontrou-se em sobrepeso/obesidade (48,6%). O risco para DCV segundo CC e RCE, foi considerado elevado (74,3 e 71,3%, respectivamente), além disso, essas variáveis correlacionaram-se com o IMC e a idade das participantes. A pressão arterial apresentou-se elevada pelos parâmetros avaliados. A ingestão protéica mostrou-se excessiva, enquanto que o consumo diário de calorias estava insuficiente. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se perceber que, apesar de realizarem atividade física regular, as mulheres estavam com sobrepeso/obesidade, além de risco para DCV e hábitos alimentares inadequados. O profissional nutricionista pode ser inserido nesse contexto, a fim de melhorar o perfil nutricional e alimentar dessas mulheres.
Currently obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are usual in general population, especially in women. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and CVD risk in physically active women. The research was conducted with 70 women, adults and attending a group of regular aerobic exercise. The following parameters were assessed: weight, height, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-stature ratio (WSR), and usual daily diet. The variables were analyzed by prevalence ratio and correlation. Concerning the nutritional profile, the majority presented overweight/obesity (48.6%). The risk for CVD based on CC and HCR was considered high (74.3 and 71.3%, respectively) and these variables were correlated with BMI and age of participants. Blood pressure was also considered high. The protein intake was found to be excessive, while the daily calorie intake was insufficient. The results showed that despite having a regular physical activity, women, presented overweight/obesity, and CVD risk and poor eating habits. Dietitians may be inserted in this context, in order to improve the nutritional and food profile of the participants.