RESUMEN
A possible association of the acute toxemic form of schistosomiasis and pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has been recently suggested. As in the west of the Espírito Santo state schistosomiasis is endemic and PLA are frequently diagnosed in the Children's Hospital of Vitória we reviewed the records of the Hospital during the period from May 1991 to April 1993 to: a) identify all cases of PLA in which Schistosoma mansoni infection was present and b) annotate the procedence of each case to verify if there is an association of the two diseases. 65 cases of PLA were recorded and 39 had the result of a stool examination, being three positive for Schistosoma mansoni (7.6 per cent) and 26 for other helminth (mainly Ascaris and Trichocephalus). The procedence of the patients showed that only 7 (10.7 per cent) came from endemic areas. These results show that an association of Schistosoma mansoni infection and PLA was not significative in the country, where the acute toxemic form is not frequent. The great majority of PLA in this study came from the urban periphery of Vitória, where transmission of schistosomiasis does not occur but intestinal helminth infections are extremely frequent. The great majority of PLA in this study came from the urban periphery of Vitória, where transmission of schistosomiasis does not occur but intestinal helminth infections are extremely frequent. As 40 per cent of these PLA were cryptogenetic it is possible that the immunomodulation induced by intestinal parasites and the liver granulomas produced by the larvae of these helminths would be predisposing factors for pyogenic liver abscess.