Prevalence and predisponent factors of molar-incisor hypomineralization in primary dentition

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and predisposing factors for hypomineralization of second molars in children in primary dentition. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to parents to analyze predisposing factors and to assist in the diagnosis of hypomineralization in children between 2 and 6 years old, followed by an intraoral examination based on indices of non-fluorotic enamel defects in the primary dentition, according to the "Modified Index DDE" to determine demarcated opacity and HSPM presence / severity index to assess hypomineralization. Children from public and private schools were dived into two groups: if they presented HSPM-Group 1 (G1) and if they did not have HSPM-Control group (CG). Results: The most frequent predisposing factors associated with the child were Illness in the first year of life (X2= 6.49; p=0.01) and antibiotic use in the first year of life (X2= 41.82; p= 0.01). The factors associated with the mother were hypertension (X2= 9.36; p=0.01), infections during pregnancy (X2=14.80; p=0.01) and alcohol consumption during pregnancy (X2=97.33; p=0.01). There was a prevalence of 3.9% of HSPM in 14 children, with statistical difference regarding gender (X2 = 4.57; p <0.05), with boys presenting a higher frequency. In G1 hypomineralization was of the type with demarcated opacity, with more prevalent characteristics the yellowish spot, with moderate post-eruptive fracture and acceptable atypical restorations. All lesions were located in the labial region with 1/3 of extension. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in children between 2 and 6 years old was 3.9%, with a predominance in males, with tooth 65 being the most affected. There was an association between HSPM and infection in the first year of life, as well as the use of antibiotics and sensitivity in the teeth affected by the lesion. There was an association between HSPM and hypertension, infection and mothers' alcohol use during pregnancy

Prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas na dentição decídua / Prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in the primary dentition

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas em crianças na dentição decídua e possíveis fatores etiológicos associados. Métodos:Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética ­ CEP/UESPI (3.289.732), o estudo transversal foi realizado em 360 crianças com idade entre 2 a 6 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas, divididas em dois grupos: G1 (com lesões cervicais) e G2 (sem lesões cervicais). Foi aplicado um questionário aos pais, seguido do exame clínico das crianças. Foram consideradas lesões detectadas pelo tato e visualmente. Foram realizadas avaliações das médias e dos desvios padrão para variáveis quantitativas. Obteve-se porcentagens e frequências, realizando-se análises de associação entre as variáveis qualitativas a partir do qui-quadrado e comparação da idade média a partir do teste t (p < 0,05). Resultados: Somente lesões do tipo abfração foram encontradas na amostra (5%) e os indivíduos de raça branca apresentaram uma maior prevalência em relação aos demais (55,5%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001) e essas lesões foram identificadas somente em escolas privadas. Quanto ao sexo, em G1, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, (p = 0,01) com maior prevalência no masculino (66,7%). Os dentes mais acometidos em ordem decrescente foram os caninos e incisivos centrais superiores seguidos dos caninos e incisivos centrais inferiores. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões cervicais não cariosas, do tipo abfração, em crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade foi de 5%, tendo sido encontradas somente em escolas privadas, com predominância no sexo masculino. Houve associação entre a abfração e o tipo de escova utilizada na escovação dentária, apresentando maior frequência de lesões quando escovas duras eram utilizadas e escovação forte era executada.

Aim:To determine the prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in children in the primary dentition and possible associated etiological factors. Method: After approval by the Ethics Committee - CEP / UESPI (3,289,732) ­ this cross-sectional study was carried out on 360 children, from 2 to 6 years of age, from public and private schools, divided into two groups: G1 (with cervical lesions) and G2 (without cervical lesions). A questionnaire was applied to the parents, followed by the children's clinical examination. Lesions detected by touch and visually were considered. Evaluations of means and standard deviations were performed for quantitative variables. Percentages and frequencies were obtained, analyzing the association between qualitative variables based on the chi-square test and comparing the average age using the t test (p < 0.05). Results:Only abfraction-type lesions were found in the sample (5%), and white individuals presented a higher prevalence in relation to the others (55.5%). There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001), and these lesions were found only in private schools. As for sex, in G1, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01) with a higher prevalence in males (66.7%). The most affected teeth in decreasing order were the canines and upper central incisors, followed by the canines and lower central incisors. Conclusion: The prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions of the abfraction type in children from 2 to 6 years of age was 5%, which was only found in private schools, with a predominance in males. An association was found between the abfraction and the type of brush used in toothbrushing, with a higher frequency of lesions when hard brushes were used and strong brushing was performed.

Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children in primary dentition

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in children between 2 to 6 years old in primary dentition in a public school (A1) and a private school (A2) in the state of Piauí. Method: It was cross-sectional and quantitative study in 370 participants, 180 in A1 and 190 in A2. The questionnaire to help diagnose bruxism was applied to parents. In the clinical examination, dental wear was evaluated, checking for the presence of shiny and polished facets on deciduous incisors and / or molars (palatal surface, incisal edges and working cusps) and the results were noted in the odontogram. Students who had bruxism participated in group 1 (G1) and those who did not have it were in the control group (CG) in both A1 and A2. Results: One hundred and five children had sleep bruxism. Tooth wear was more prevalent in the male gender. Both in A1 and in A2 and in both genders, wear on primary molars was more frequent than in canines. Conclusion: The prevalence of bruxism in children between 2 and 6 years of age was 28.3%, with a predominance in males. There was an association between sleep bruxism and the habit of sucking a finger, pacifier, bottle use and the habit of awake bruxism. In 98.09% of the children who had sleep bruxism, teeth pain was found

Association between maloclusion and self-perception of oral aesthetics in adolescents

Aim: To evaluate the aesthetic self-perception capacity of adolescents from public schools regarding the presence of oral alterations from malocclusions. Methods: Cross-sectional and quantitative study with 374 adolescents between 16 and 18 years old, belonging to public schools in the city of Parnaíba, Piauí. The adolescents were separated by gender (male and female) and examined for malocclusions. The problem identified for each participant was recorded for later comparison of the influence of its presence with aesthetic self-perception. Then, all adolescents, including those who demonstrated normal occlusion during the clinical evaluation, answered a questionnaire containing eight questions about their perception of their own smile and its impact on their interpersonal relationships. Self-perception was also analyzed by comparing the responses of those with normal occlusion with that of malocclusion individuals. Student's t-tests were used to verify if there was a difference between the groups. Results: The most prevalent malocclusions after clinical examination were midline deviations, crowding and diastemas, and the ones that most scored in the adolescents' perception were crowding, misalignment and diastemas. Conclusion: The adolescents were able to perceive the aesthetic alterations resulting from malocclusions, being determinants of dissatisfaction when smiling. They were not ashamed to smile, did not consider that the ideal smile would improve their self-esteem and that misaligned teeth would not interfere with flirting and interpersonal relationships