Occupational factors and mortality in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer (JACC).

Occupational factors and mortality were assessed in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for evaluation of cancer. Overall an elevated risk of death from all causes, all cancers and circulatory disease, particularly in males, was found for those who were unemployed or to a lesser extent, self-employed. Certain cancers also showed links. There was no difference in the risk of total death or death due to cancers between office workers and manual workers. However, manual workers of both sexes have a decreased risk of death due to colon cancer and of breast in females. In males, rotating shift work increased risk of total death and ischemic heart diseases. Slight increase overall with dusty and noisy environments, perceived stress linked with IHD and CVD.

Anthropometry, development history and mortality in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer (JACC).

A number of characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and childhood location and educational attainment were compared for their effects on mortality in the apan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). The lowest body mass index was associated with a higher risk of death overall in both sexes, but the highest body mass index was also associated with a rise in risk in females. A low BMI was also linked with certain cancers, for example in the lung and oesophagus. A higher body mass index was associated with a higher risk of death due to ischemic heart disease. High blood pressure was also adversely linked to mortality, especially from ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases. The childhood environment also appeared to play a role, living in a city being associated with higher risk of mortality overall and from cancer. A high educational level was found to decrease the risk of total death and of cancer, particularly the lung and liver.

Site-specific cancer risk due to diabetes mellitus history: evidence from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study.

The study examined the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) history with total and common site-specific cancers using a large cohort of 23,378 men and 33,503 women, extracted from 127,477 healthy participants of the JACC Study who were aged 40-79 years and living in 24 municipalities in Japan. At enrollment during 1988-90, each subject completed a self-administered questionnaire including items for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, past history of DM and cancer. Adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, and drinking in the Cox's proportional hazard model, incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated for both sexes. During the follow-up period, total cancers and site-specific cancers were identified. A history of DM was reported by 7.5% of men and 4.6% of women. DM significantly increased the risk of liver cancer for both men (IRR=2.30; 95%CI=1.47-3.59) and women (IRR=2.70; 95%CI=1.20-6.05). Significant increased and reduced risk due to DM for men were also found for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IRR=2.77; 95%CI=1.04-7.38) and stomach cancer (IRR=0.67; 95%CI=0.46-0.99) respectively. For females, a reduced risk of stomach cancer due to DM (IRR=0.49; 95%CI=0.23-1.04) was also revealed. Since a history of DM here demonstrated significant associations with some site-specific cancers, their relationships should be studied further in Japan for validation.

Risk of endometrial cancer mortality by ever-use of sex hormones and other factors in Japan.

OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of ever-use of sex hormones (EUSH) and other factors with endometrial cancer (EC) mortality through a nation-wide Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. METHODS: A total of 63,541 women aged 40-79 years, enrolled in 1988-90 from 45 municipalities of Japan, were followed until 2003 to record their vital status. Using baseline data, the Cox proportional hazard model (age adjusted and multivariate) was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for EC mortality by selected factors, including EUSH. Bivariate analysis was also conducted to establish associations between EUSH and other factors. RESULTS: The mortality rate from EC was 2.6 per 100,000 person-years during the mean follow-up period of 13.3 years. Prevalence rate of EUSH was 5.2%. Significantly increased risk of EC mortality was found for EUSH with both age adjusted (HR=6.43, 95%CI=2.10-19.67) and multivariate (HR=5.33; 95%CI=1.51-18.82) analyses. Bivariate analysis indicated that history of diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and age at first delivery were positively associated with EUSH, whereas age, number of delivery, number of pregnancy, and age at menarche demonstrated inverse links. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that EUSH may increase the risk of EC mortality among Japanese women. However, further studies with more deaths are needed to validate the results.

Lack of an association between serum level of transforming growth factor beta -1 and stomach cancer risk in the JACC study.

Alterations in the serum concentration of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1) have been observed in gastric cancer patients. No study, however, has ever examined the association between the serum TGFbeta1 level and stomach cancer prospectively. We conducted a prospective, nested case-control analysis among apparently healthy men and women who were followed for up to 8 years in the JACC Study to assess whether serum level of total TGFbeta1 is associated with a subsequent risk of stomach cancer. The concentration of serum TGFbeta1 in previously collected blood samples was analyzed by ELISA for 209 individuals in whom a diagnosis of stomach cancer was documented, and for 409 controls matched with them for gender, age and study area. Baseline blood levels of TGFbeta1 were not related to the risk of stomach cancer in either men or women, a finding unchanged even after adjustment for potential confounders. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of stomach cancer in men and women was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.48) and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.48), respectively, for each increase of 1 SD in the TGFbeta1 value. In conclusion, serum TGFbeta1 levels were not associated with increased risks of subsequent stomach cancer.gene A52C polymorphism related to the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and oxidized LDL in the etiology of colorectal cancer.