RESUMEN
Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation are necessary for drug authentication and for prediction and confirmation of pharmacological activities of any plant part. Cosmostigma racemosum (Roxb.) Wight, a traditional and folklore drug in Kerala with many reputed usages, locally called as Vaattuvalli, is a shrubby twiner of Apocynaceae family. Leaves are the most used plant part. As no scientific data regarding its standards were available, preliminary pharmacognostic, physico-chemical and phytochemical evaluation of the leaves were done as per the guidelines of Ayurveda Pharmacopoiea of India and WHO. The study revealed that leaves of Cosmostigma racemosum (Roxb.)Wight are simple, opposite, exstipulate, apex caudate, base cordate and with a characteristic chilly odour. Microscopic examination of leaves revealed the presence of characteristic features such as lacticifers, secreting cells, absence of stomata on the upper epidermis, presence of paracytic stomata on the lower epidermis and presence of calcium oxalate crystals especially druse crystals. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins which indicates the wide range of pharmacological activities of the plant. The 13 peaks in the HPTLC profile indicate a wide pharmacological prospect of the leaves. The ICP-MS analysis confirmed that heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and As present in the leaves are within permissible limits. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, different ash values, volatile oil content, different extractive values, ph, fibre content, and sugar content were also determined. All these findings can serve as standards for assuring the safety, quality and purity of the drug.
RESUMEN
Background: Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that cause significant morbidity and mortality in the fetus and mother both in the developed and developing countries. Magnesium sulfate is effective and inexpensive drug for the management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. This study was conducted to evaluate and study the prophylactic indications of Magnesium Sulfate in pregnant women and their maternal and Fetal outcomes, toxicity in pregnancy and the obstetrics outcomes. Materials and methods: This study was a hospital based prospective study carried out at a tertiary care centre in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from October 2013 to September 2015. Results: 3504(24%) cases of preterm labour which was indicated as group I, 2117(14.5%) cases were severe pre-eclampsia/ PIH which was indicated as group II and 227(1.55%) cases were eclampsia which was indicated as group III. Among the total number of patients with preterm labour, in 40(80%) patients Isoxsuprine had been used and in 10(20%) patients Magnesium Sulphate was used. Total patients with preterm labour enrolled for the study were only 10. Among the total number of patients with pregnancies reaching term, 8(80%) patients were preterm and 2 (20%) patients were in term. Among the total number of patients the delivery was normal in 6(60%) and 2 (20%) patients had LSCS in preterm cases. In term all the subjects had normal delivery. Neonatal outcome with prophylactic usage of MgSO4 in Preterm Labour were also different, 6 (60%) had prematurity birth and 70% of the subject were admitted in NICU. Among total number of the subject 80% had low birth weight, 10% had still birth. Among the total number of patients with severe Pre-eclampsia, for 74.07%(20) patients Magnesium Sulphate had been used whereas for 25.92%(7) patients other Anticonvulsants has been used. Total patients included in the study group, were only 20. Maximum numbers of cases were within therapeutic range at 1 st hour (100% in Group I, 90% in group II and 85.71% in Group III). The maximum serum Mg value in Group I was 8.6 mg/dl, 8.20 mg/dl in Group Senadhipathi Shakunthala, G. Aparna, C H Akila. Role of magnesium sulphate in patients with pregnancy. IAIM, 2018; 5(5): 129-137. Page 130 II and 8.60 mg/dl in Group III. Maximum numbers of cases were within therapeutic range at 12 th hour (100% in group I, 100% in Group II and 93% in Group III). The maximum serum Mg values were 6.6, 8.8 and 7.6 mg/dl in Group I, Group II and Group III respectively. Conclusion: MgSO4 has been shown to be an effective treatment option for the prevention of eclampsia. Magnesium Sulphate is a superior drug in preventing the recurrence of seizures in eclampsia and in seizure prophylaxis in pre-eclampsia.