RESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that cause the stomach infection in more than 50% of human population worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulins Y [IgYs] production in quails and evaluate the effect of the different methods of immunization on titers of IgY in egg yolks. Whole cell bacterial antigen was used for immunization of quails. Forty Japanese quails [Coturnix japonica] were divided into four groups. The first group intramuscularly immunized with one dose of antigen [3 × 108 inactivated bacteria] whereas the second group injected with half dose. Third group administered orally. Yolk IgY was isolated using precipitation method of water dilution combined with chloroform. Dot-blot and ELISA [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay] were used for determining the specificity and quantifying the titer of IgY in egg yolks. Results showed that quails as well as chickens are able to produce anti-H. pylori IgY. Quails antibodies have high titer and specificity that can be used in therapeutic and research purposes. This study indicated that higher amounts of antigen can not develop higher titer of IgY and injection is not necessary for efficient immunization of the quail against H. pylori
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Several regulatory proteins are involved in Salmonella invasion. The key regulator of SPI-1 [Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 ] is hilA, a transcriptional activator encoded on SPI-1 that regulates the expression of the SPI-1 secretion system
OBJECTIVES: Importance of hilA mutation on S. enteritidis colonization and shedding in layer hens was evaluated in a longterm experiment
METHODS:Two groups of layer hens were orally inoculated with 1010 CFU of hilA and parent strains of S. enteritidis, consequently. At days 2, 7, 14, 21 and 35 post-inoculation samples were taken from cloaca and different parts of digestive and reproduction systems of euthanized birds
RESULTS: In the birds infected with parent strain, the higher numbers of colonizing bacteria in the liver, spleen, caecum, small intestine and cloacavagina were observed. Fecal shedding in this group was also higher than the hilA group. However, no significant differences were observed for the colonization of bacteria in magnum, isthmus and infundibulum of both groups
Using PCR method, hilA gene was only detected in tissues of parent group hens
CONCLUSIONS:This study has shown that the hilA mutant is able to colonize in internal organs; an implication of this is the possibility that genes other than hilA, or at least other mechanisms, might be involved in the invasion of S. enteritidis to the internal organs of birds