[Post insertion problems of removable prosthesis: causes, diagnosis and treatment]

Over the past 20 years, the number of edentulous adults has declined in developed countries. Considering the increase in the general populations' life span, the need and demand for complete dentures is becoming more widespread, especially in our country with the high prevalence of edentulism. Despite the advances in dental materials and improved technological and clinical expertise, yet there are many patients experiencing difficulties in wearing removable dentures such as pain, discomfort, loss of retention, gagging, reduced taste sensation and problems related to speech, esthetics and function. Many of these issues are due to faulty or incorrect diagnosis, inaccurate treatment planning or mechanical deficiencies such as inappropriate denture design. Also, physical and psychological problems may contribute either directly or indirectly to a patient's inability to use the prosthesis. This makes it necessary for practitioners to have a general perception of the causes, diagnosis and treatment of these problems. The purpose of this investigation was to review the various problems associated with denture wearing which may be immediate, short-term or long-term and also to identify their cause, diagnosis and treatment

[ Survey of prevalence of rare Bombay [Oh] blood group among 3 different population in Tehran [1381-1382]]

H antigen is a precursor to A and B antigens. [Person who lacks A and B antigens has a strong expression of H antigen. In 1 per million population, Bombay phenotype [ lack of A, B, H antigens] is observed, because this group should just experience autologous transfusion. Accurate identification of such people is highly recommended. 2178 persons from 3 different population were selected. One group was Indian population of Tehran [100], 78 persons [from 2 families with Bombay phenotype history, and the third group[2000] was selected as volunteer donors. All of them have O group phenotype.10 cc of whole blood was taken from each subject. Red blood cells washed 3 times with saline and finally samples with 5% dilution were prepared. Each sample was treated with H-Lectin anti-sera, and after 30 minutes agglutination was detected with naked eye and microscope. Only 1 subject among donors had Bombay phenotype. Limitation in Indian population in Tehran caused hinderance detection of new cases of Bombay phenotype. At the end, detection of 1 Bombay phenotype among 2000 donors seems very significant

Impacted and congenitally missing permanent tooth: Treatment options

To present a patient with congenitally missing and impacted teeth and give possible options for treatment. Design: Patient presentation. Setting: Dental Clinic, Asadi Dental Associates, Lahore, Pakistan. Female patient, Z aged 32 years. Main Outcome Measures: Congenitally missing and impacted teeth can present in patients who do not have any medical or systemic disorder. Possible treatment options are also given. After viewing this case, it can be concluded that there are conditions in which the patient may present with congenitally missing and impacted teeth that shows a hereditary pattern. These conditions may not necessarily be linked with a medical or systemic disorder. For a functional arch, it is important to have permanent teeth that have been properly aligned orthodontically and / or a suitable prosthesis is given. The facilities available and the skills of the operator also play a vital role in determining the method of treatment

Effectiveness of local infiltration of plain lignocaine vs lignocaine with adrenaline for the extraction of lower bicuspids

This study was done to determine the effectiveness of plain lignocaine infiltration as compared to lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline for the extraction of bicuspid teeth in the lower jaw on randomnly selected twenty healthy orthodontic patients between the ages of 14 to 20 years as subjects for this study. In this study infiltrations with plain lignocaine were given on the buccal and the lingual sides of the bicuspid that was to be extracted. Branches of the mental and the buccal nerves were to be anaesthetized on the buccal side of the tooth and on the lingual side there were twigs from the lingual nerve. On the opposite sides of the jaw, the other tooth was extracted by anaesthetizing the area with lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline.It was concluded from this study that the addition of adrenaline greatly enhances the penetrating ability of lignocaine and that the anaesthetic effect obtained by lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline is much superior to the effect obtained by plain lignocaine

Plating: a preferred efficient method of treating mandibular fractures

To demonstrate that rigid internal fixation in the form of plates is both a simple and an efficient method of treating mandibular fractures. Design: A retrospective study done of 96 patients with 147 fractures of the mandible during the calendar years 1991 and 1992. Setting: Department of Oral Maxillo Facial Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, England, UK. Ninety six patients treated at the Manchester Royal infirmary that presented with mandibular fractures. Main outcome measures: Preference of method and morbid effects associated with the rigid internal fixation of mandiblular fractures. Majority of the patients in his study were male in the age group of 20-30 years. In most cases there was a unilateral pattern of injury and the most common cause of the injury was assault. 76% of the patients were treated by rigid internal fixation either by plates supplemented by other methods. Morbid effects were recorded as mal occlusions in 4 patients, infection in 9 cases, delayed and/or non union in 4 cases, sensory distrubances of the mental and inferior alveolar nerves was encountered in 13 instances and trismus in one. From this study it can be concluded that at a center where facilities are available, rigid internal fixation in the from of plates is both a preferred and an efficient methods of treating injuries of the lower jaw. There are some complications associated with this method it surely is a technique sensitive procedure. However, the advantages and the final results of this procedure definitely outweigh its negative aspects

Trends of maxillofacial trauma at an urban center in England

This study was done to determine the trend of maxillo facial trauma at an urban center in North Western England. This retrospective study was carried out at the Manchester Royal Infirmary. It deals with the common factors leading to the disturbance of the facial skeleton and the areas of this region that are most prone to fractures. A total of 513 patients presented with 554 fractures over the five year [1988-1992] period. 42.44% were malar fractures followed by 40.25% mandibular, 10.65% middle third, 6.12% nasal and 0.54% fractures were of the frontal regions. The main etiological factors leading to the injury were recorded as assaults / interpersonal violence [63.9%], falls [14.8%], road traffic accidents [10.3%], sporting injuries [9.6%] and other causes [1.2%]

incidence of mandibular trauma

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of mandibular fractures at an Urban center. A total of 96 patients presented to the Manchester Royal Infirmary with Mandibular Fractures during the calendar years, 1991 and 1992. It was determined that the main etiological factor leading to the disturbance of the mandibular contours were assault or interpersonal violence [74%] followed by Falls, Road Traffic Accidents and Sporting Injuries. Majority of the subjects were males and most of the patients were in the age group of 20-29 years. In most of the patients there was a unilateral pattern of injury and the angle was the most vulnerable area of the lower jaw to be traumatized